IPA Spellings

In the listing below we have captured IPA spellings recently employed in various teaching materials. For ease of reference. The intention is to add to the listing as further IPA spellings are established.

The listing reflects a plausible reconstruction of Cornish as spoken at the beginning of the seventeenth century. Some handbooks specify sounds for revived Cornish that belong to other Celtic languages as they are spoken today. It is more likely, however, that for many centuries Cornish shared areal features with West Country English, especially the treatment of <r> as a retroflex (apical post-alveolar) approximant. The historical evidence also supports a distribution of voiceless sonorants that is uniquely Cornish.

Each item is introduced first in Kernowek Standard (KS) spelling. But the accompanying IPA spelling is independent of Cornish orthography, so should apply equally if the item were spelled in, say, the Standard Written Form.

In easily analysed compound words the stress belonging to each element is usually retained. In disyllabic compounds the stress on the adjectival element is often slightly more prominent.

Laxing of vowels (the ‘Prosodic Shift’) is pervasive in words of more than one syllable, but many loan-words resist it. And though stressed vowels in compound words often shorten, they (and some prefixes too) generally preserve their point of articulation. 

The following considerations have been left unmarked in the individual IPA spellings so as not to over-complicate them.

(1) The coronal sounds [d] [t] [n] [n̥] are alveolar. Some [ɻ] [ɻ̊] may be labialized. The labiodentals [f] [v] are sounded very lightly at the end of words.

(2) The voiceless sounds [k] [t] [p] [n̥] [ɭ̊] [ɻ̊] [ʍ] are aspirated, except that [k] [t] [p] are unaspirated when immediately preceded by [s] in the same word. It is however characteristic of Cornish as spoken today that [n̥] [ɭ̊] [ɻ̊] are very frequently voiced to [n] [l] [ɻ] respectively.

(3) [l] and [ɭ̊] are 'dark' in the same environments that velarize [l] in standard British English.

(4) <bm> and <dn> are pronounced [m] and [n] by many speakers, and the spelling is then usually <mm> and <nn> respectively.

(5) For some speakers [x] is pronounced [h]; for some speakers it is silent though still causing devoicing of preceding [ɻ] to [ɻ̊].

(6) Some speakers pronounce initial [s] as [z]. These speakers may also pronounce [z̥] as [z].

(7) Some speakers may reduce [ɻð] to [ɻ] and [ɻθ] to [ɻ̊].

(8) Some distinguish [ə] and [∧], with distribution varying from speaker to speaker. Both sounds are regularly long in a stressed syllable before final [ɻ].

(9) [ø:] is realized by many speakers as an intermediate vowel, between [ø:] and [e:]. Some speakers shift the vowel all the way. [œ] is realized by many speakers as an intermediate vowel, between [œ] and [ə] when followed immediately by [ɻ], and otherwise between [œ] and [ɛ]. Some speakers shift the vowel all the way.

(10) <oo> is pronounced [o:] by some speakers. <ë> is pronounced [i:] by some speakers; these usually change the spelling to <ÿ>. <êw> is pronounced [oʊ] by some speakers; these usually change the spelling to <ôw>.

(11) [eʊ] is pronounced [iʊ] by some speakers; others pronounce [iʊ] as [eʊ].

(12) [oʊ] before a vowel in the same word is pronounced [u] by some speakers.

(13) Final [i:] is pronounced [əɪ] by some speakers. 

(14) Wherever [i:] [i] [ɪ] are spelled <u> they are pronounced [y:] [y] [ʏ] respectively by some speakers. These speakers may also pronounce [u] as [ʏ] when it is spelled <u> before a vowel in the same word. When [ɨ] is spelled <u> it is pronounced [ʏ] by many speakers.

(15) Some speakers apply the English Great Vowel Shift to <a> in certain Cornish words, but not necessarily with diphthongization.

A listing of this nature does not address assimilation across word boundaries, except where a boundary occurs within an individual entry.

Be careful: not all devices display IPA symbols correctly

In particular, some devices such as i-Phones cause the near-close front unrounded vowel (IPA Number 319, Unicode U+026A) to display without the horizontal bars at top and bottom that properly belong to it.

If you are uncertain of the sound represented by any IPA symbol, there is more information at

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet


A (a) letter [ˈæː] or [e:]

a preposition [æ] or [ə]

a particle [ə]

abecedary [æbɛsɛˈdæɻɨ]

adar [ədə:ɻ]

aderdro [ədəɻˈdɻo:]

adhevîs [əðəˈvi:z]

aga [ˈægə] or [əˈgæ]

agan [ˈægən] or [əˈgæn]

agas [ˈægəz̥] or [əˈgæz]

ages [ˈægɛz̥]

airlorgh [ˈe:ɻˌlɔɻx]

aken dhewboynt [ˈækən ˈðɛʊboɪnt]

aken dhieskynus [ˈækən ðɨəsˈkɪnɨz̥]

aken grobm [ˈækən ˈgɻɔbm]

alarm [əˈlæɻm]

alwheth [ˈæɭ̊ʍəθ]

a'm preposition [æm] or [əm]

a'm particle [əm]

amary [ˈæməɻɨ]

amowntyor [əˈmoʊntjəɻ]

a'n preposition [æn] or [ən]

a'n particle [ən]

an [ən]

anjy [ənˈdʒi:]

arlùth [ˈæɻlʉθ]

arr [ˈæɻ]

arta [ˈæɻtə]

Arwednak [æɻˈwɛdnək]

a's [əz]

astel [ˈæstəl]

astell [ˈæstəl]

astevery [əstəˈvəɻɨ]

aswon [ˈæzwon]

a'th preposition [æθ] or [əθ]

a'th particle [əθ]

attês [əˈte:z]

attêsva [əˈte:zvə]

auctour [ˈɒ:ktʉɻ]

auctoryta [ɒkˈtɔɻɨtə]

a-ugh [ə'jux]

aval [ˈævəl]

avês [əˈve:z]

avorow [əˈvɔɻoʊ]

awos [əˈwo:z]

B (be) letter [ˈbeː] or [ˈbiː]

badel [ˈbædəl]

bal [ˈbæ:l]

balcon [ˈbælkən]

bàn [ˈbæn]

bara [ˈbæɻə]

barys [ˈbæɻɨz̥]

bëdh [ˈbe:ð]

bel [ˈbe:l]

benyn [ˈbɛnɨn]

ber [ˈbə:ɻ]

berr [ˈbəɻ]

best [ˈbe:st]

beu [ˈbø:] or [ˈbe:]

beus [ˈbø:z]

bian [ˈbiən]

bledhen [ˈblɛðən]

bloodh [ˈblu:ð]

blou [ˈblu:]

bluven [ˈblɪvən]

bo [ˈbo;]

bò [bo]

bones [ˈbɔnəz̥]

boos [ˈbu:z]

boosty [ˈbu:stɨ]

boostiow [busˈtɨoʊ]

bord [ˈbɔɻd]

borger [ˈbɔɻgəɻ]

bos [ˈbo:z]

bragh [ˈbɻæ:x]

brâs [ˈbɻɒ:z]

bre [ˈbɻe:]

breder [ˈbɻɛdəɻ]

breghtan [ˈbɻɛxtɛn]

Bretmes [ˈbɻɛtˌmɛz]

broder [ˈbɻɔdəɻ]

brodngolm [ˈbɻɔdnˌgɔlm]

buhas [ˈbɪhɛz̥]

buwgh [ˈbiʊx]

bÿth [ˈbi:θ]

bythqweth [ˈbɪθkwəθ]

C (ce) letter [ˈseː] or [ˈsiː]

cafos [ˈkæfəz̥] or [ˈkævəz̥]

calassa [kəˈlæse]

cales [ˈkæləz̥]

caltor [ˈkæltəɻ]

Cambron [ˈkæmbɻon] or [ˈkæmbɔɻn]

cans [ˈkænz]

canstel [ˈkænstəl]

cara [ˈkæɻə]

carr [ˈkæɻ]

carrek [ˈkæɻək]

carrjy [ˈkæɻdʒɨ]

carven [ˈkæɻvən]

carya [ˈkæɻjə]

castel [ˈkæstəl]

cath [ˈkæːθ]

cawas [ˈkæwəz̥]

cofhe [ˈkofˌhe]

chair [ˈtʃe:ɻ]

chaunj [ˈtʃɒndʒ]

chaunjya [ˈtʃɒndʒjə]

checken [ˈtʃɛkən]

checkva [ˈtʃɛkvə]

chîcok [ˈtʃi:cək]

chy [ˈtʃi:]

chy an ky [ˈtʃi: ən ˈki:]

chymbla [ˈtʃɪmblə]

class [ˈklæs]

cler [ˈkləɻ]

clerha [ˈkləɻ̊ə]

clerra [ˈkləɻ̊ə]

clock [ˈklɔk]

clogh an daras [ˈklo:x ən ˈdæɻəz̥]

coffy [ˈkɔfɨ]

coffyjy [ˈkɔfɨˌdʒi:] or [ˈkɔfɪdʒɨ]

coffyva [kɔˈfɪvə]

cogh [ˈko:x]

collverk [ˈkɔlˌvəɻk]

comolek [kəˈmɔlək]

coref [ˈkɔɻəf]

cors [ˈkɔɻz]

cot [ˈkɔt]

coth [ˈko:θ]

cothman [ˈkɔθmən]

cov [ˈko:v]

coweth [ˈkoʊəθ]

cowetha [koʊˈɛθə]

cowethas [koʊˈɛθəz̥]

cows [ˈkoʊz]

côwsel [ˈkoʊzəl]

crejy [ˈkɻɛdʒɨ]

cresy [ˈkɻɛzɨ]

crow [ˈkɻoʊ]

cudhlen [ˈki:ðˌlen]

cyta [ˈsɪtə]

D (de) letter [ˈdeː] or [ˈdiː]

da pronoun [dæ] or [də]

da preposition [də]

dâ [ˈdæ:]

dalathas [dəˈlæθəz̥]

dalathor [dəˈlæθəɻ]

dalethys [dəˈlɛθɨz̥] 

dallath [ˈdæləθ]

darajow [dəˈɻædʒoʊ]

daras [ˈdæɻəz̥]

darbary [dæɻˈbæɻɨ]

darlêsa [dæɻˈle:zə]

dasleverel [dæzləˈvəɻəl]

dasseny [dæ'sɛnɨ]

davas [ˈdævəz̥]

de (= yesterday) [ˈdeː] or [ˈde]

de (in days of the week) [ˌdɨ]

dëdh [ˈde:ð]

deg [ˈde:g]

dehen [ˈdɛhən]

del [ˈde:l]

dêlen [ˈde:lən]

den [ˈde:n]

dendyl [ˈdɛndɨl]

der conjunction [dəɻ]

der preposition [ˈdə:ɻ] or [dəɻ]

descador [dəˈskædəɻ]

desempys [dəˈzɛmpɨz̥]

desen [ˈdɛzən]

desky [ˈdɛskɨ]

deu adjective [ˈdø:] or [ˈde]

deu verb [ˈdø:]

deus [ˈdø:z]

dew ['dɛʊ]

dêwdhek ['dɛʊðɛk]

dewfrik ['dɛʊfɻɨk]

dêwgans ['dɛʊgənz]

dêwla ['dɛʊlə]

dêwlin ['dɛʊlɨn]

dha [ðæ] or [ðə]

dhâ [ˈðæ:]

dhavas [ˈðævəz̥]

dhe [ðe] or [ðə]

dhew [ˈðɛʊ]

dhis [ˈði:z] or [ði:z]

dhort [ˈðɔɻt] or [ðʉɻt]

dhu [ˈðiʊ]

dhyrag  [ðɨˈɻæg]

dhys [ðɪz]

dhyscores [ðɨˈskɔɻəz̥]

dhyscoryon [ðɨˈskɔɻjən]

dhyw [ˈðiʊ]

dhywar [ðɨˈwəɻ]

dhyworth [ðɨˈwɔɻθ]

diank [diˈæŋk]

dobm [ˈdɔbm]

dohajëdh [dɔhəˈdʒe:ð]

don [ˈdo:n]

dones [ˈdɔnəz̥]

dowr [ˈdoʊɻ]

dowrlam [ˈdoʊɻˌlæm]

dr' [dɻ]

dre noun [ˈdɻe:]

dre preposition [dɻe] or [dɻə]

dres [dɻez] or [dɻəz]

drigva rîvbost [ˈdɻɪgvə ˈɻi:vˌbost]

drist [ˈdɻi:st]

drog [ˈdɻo:g]

du [ˈdiʊ]

dùrda [ˈdʉɻdə]

duw [ˈdiʊ]

dy [ˈdi:]

dyfen [ˈdɪfən]

dyflas [ˈdɪfɭ̊æz̥]

dyj còm [ˈdɪdʒ ˈkɔm]

dyscor [ˈdɪskəɻ]

dyscores [dɨˈskɔɻəz̥]

dyscoresow [dɨskəˈɻɛzoʊ]

dyscoryon [dɨˈskɔɻjən]

dyw [ˈdiʊ]

dyweth [ˈdiʊəθ]

dyworth [dɨˈwɔɻθ]

dywros [ˈdiʊɻoz̥]

dywscoth [ˈdiʊskəθ]

dywvregh [ˈdiʊvɻəx]

dywvron [ˈdiʊvɻən]

E (e) letter [ˈeː]

e [ˌe:] or [i:]

eâ [eˈæ:] or [ˈeə]

edhen [ˈɛðən]

effeth [ˈɛfəθ]

el [ˈe:l]

ella [ˈɛɭ̊ə]

ellas [əˈlæz]

ena ['ɛnə]

Englond ['ɛŋlənd] or ['ɪŋlənd]

enys [ˈɛnɨz̥]

esedha [əˈzɛðə]

esedhva [əˈzɛðvə]  

eseth [ˈɛzəθ]

esof [ˈɛzəf]

eson [ˈɛzən]

eson [ˈɛzənz]

esos [ˈɛzəz̥]

esowgh [ˈɛzoʊx]

esta [ˈɛstə]

êsy [ˈe:zɨ]

êtek [ˈe:tɛk]

eth [ˈe:θ]

eur [ˈø:ɻ]

eus [ˈø:z]

ev [ˈe:v]

ew [ˈeʊ]

Ewny Redrudh ['ju:nɨ ˌɻɛd'ɻið]

F (ef) letter [ˈe:f]

Falmoth [ˈfælməθ]

fatell [fəˈtɛl] or [ˈfætəl]

fatla [ˈfætlə]

fatl’yw [ˈfætˈliʊ]

fëdh [ˈfe:ð]

felha [ˈfɛɭ̊ə]

fella [ˈfɛɭ̊ə]

fenester [fəˈnɛstəɻ] or [vəˈnɛstəɻ]

fenten [ˈfɛntən] or [ˈvɛntən]

feth [ˈfe:θ]

fetha [ˈfɛθə]

flehes [ˈfɭ̊ɛhəz̥]

flogh [ˈfɭ̊oːx]

floren [ˈfɭ̊ɔɻən]

flour [ˈfɭ̊u:ɻ]

flouren [ˈfɭ̊uɻən]

flows [ˈfɭ̊oʊz]

flûr [ˈfɭ̊u:ɻ]

fon [fo:n]

fordh [ˈfɔɻð] or [ˈvɔɻð]

fos [ˈfoːz] or [ˈvo:z]

fram [ˈfɻæ:m]

framweyth [ˈfɻæmˌwəɪθ] or [ˈfɻæmwɨθ]

fydn [ˈfɪdn]

G (ge) letter [ˈɡeː] or [ˈdʒi:]

gallos [ˈɡæləz̥]

ganow [ˈɡænoʊ]

gans [gænz] or [gənz]

ganstel [ˈgænstəl]

garow [ˈgæɻoʊ]

garr [ˈgæɻ]

gath [ˈgæ:θ]

gavar [ˈgævəɻ]

gawas [ˈgæwəz̥]

gegyn [ˈgɛgɨn]

gèn [gɛn] or [gən]

genes [ˈgɛnəz̥]

ger [ˈgəɻ]

gerlyver [gəɻˈlɪvəɻ]

Gernow [ˈgəɻnoʊ]

Gernowes [gəɻˈnoʊəz̥]

Gernowyon [gəɻˈnoʊjən]

gewar [ˈgɛwəɻ]

glân [ˈglɒ:n]

glander [ˈglændəɻ]

glanhe [ˈglɒn̥ˌhe]

glas [ˈglæ:z]

glaw [ˈglaʊ]

glëb [ˈgle:b]

godhvos [ˈgɔðvoz̥] or [ˈgɔθfoz̥]

golok [ˈgɔlək]

golow [ˈgɔloʊ]

gomolek [gɔˈmɔlək]

goodh [ˈgu:ð]

gool [ˈgu:l]

gordhuwher [gɔɻˈðɪʍəɻ]

gorlanwes [gɔɻˈlænwəz̥]

gorra [ˈgɔɻə]

gortos [ˈgɔɻtəz̥]

goth [ˈgo:θ]

gothfos [ˈgɔθfoz]

govenek [gɔˈvɛnək]

govyn [ˈgɔvɨn]

grauntya [ˈgɻɒntjə]

gul [ˈgi:l]

gûn [ˈgu:n]

gwag [ˈgwæ:g]

gwaitys [ˈgwe:tɨz̥]

gwary [ˈgwæɻɨ]

gwaryjy [ˈgwæɻɨˌdʒi:] or [gwæ'ɻɪdʒɨ]

gwaryva [gwæ'ɻɪvə]

gwedhen [ˈgwɛðən]

gwedren [ˈgwɛdɻən]

gwel [ˈgwe:l]

gweles [ˈgwɛləz̥]

gwell [ˈgwɛl]

gwelha [ˈgwɛɭ̊ə]

gwelhe [ˈgwɛɭ̊ˌhe]

gwella [ˈgwɛɭ̊ə]

gwely [ˈgwɛlɨ]

gwer [ˈgwə:ɻ]

gweth [ˈgwe:θ]

gwetyas [ˈgwɛtjəz̥]

gwias [ˈgwiəz̥]

gwiasva [gwiˈæzvə]

gwil [ˈgwi:l]

gwir [ˈgwi:ɻ]

gwlas [ˈgwlæ:z]

gwragh [ˈgwɻæ:x]

gwreg [ˈgwɻe:g]

gwrella [ˈgwɻɛɭ̊ə]

gwry [ˈgwɻi:]

gwydn [ˈgwɪdn]

gwyns [ˈgwɪnz]

gwynsak [ˈgwɪnzək]

gwythres [ˈgwɪθˌrez] or [ˈgwɪθrəz̥]

H (ha) letter [ˈhæː] or [ˈe:tʃ]

ha [hæ] or [hə]

hackra [ˈhækɻə]

hag [hæg] or [həg]

hager [ˈhægəɻ]

hanaf [ˈhænəf]

heb [hɛb] or [həb]

hebma [ˈhɛbmə]

hedhyw [ˈhɛðiʊ]

hedna [ˈhɛdnə]

hedre [həˈdɻe]

hèm [ˈhɛm]

hèn [ˈhɛn]

hens [ˈhɛnz]

hesken [ˈhɛskən]

heudh [ˈhøð]

hevleny [həˈvlɛnɨ]

hobma [ˈhɔbmə]

hodna [ˈhɔdnə]

hòm [ˈhɔm]

hòn [ˈhɔn]

hoos [ˈhuz]

horn [ˈhɔɻn]

howl [ˈhoʊl]

howlek [ˈhoʊlək]

hudhyk [ˈhɪðɨk]

hy personal pronoun [ˈhi:]

hy possessive pronoun [hɪ]

I (i) letter [ˈiː] or [ˈəɪ]

ilow [ˈɪloʊ]

in [ɪn] or [ən]

Inglond ['ɪŋlənd]

inwedh [ɪn'we:ð] or [ə'we:ð]

iscarg [ˈi:sˌkæɻɡ]

J (je) letter [ˈdʒeː]

jecken [ˈdʒɛkən]

jeckva [ˈdʒɛkvə]

jorna [ˈdʒɔɻnə]

jornal [ˈdʒɔɻnəl] 

jowles [ˈdʒoʊləz̥]

jyg’hesken [ˈdʒɪgˌhɛskən]

jyn [ˈdʒɪn]

K (ke) letter [ˈkeː]

ke [ˈkeː]

ke predn [ˈkeː ˈpɻɛdn]

keas [ˈkeəz̥]

kebmyn [ˈkɛbmɨn]

kebmys [ˈkɛbmɨz̥]

kefnys [kɛfˈɪz̥]

kefrës [ˌkɛˈfre:z]

kegyn [ˈkɛgɨn]

kegynieth [kɛgɨˈniəθ] or [kəˈgɪnjəθ]

kerdhfôn [ˈkəɻˌfo:n]

Keresk [ˌkəɻˈɛsk]

Kergraunt [ˌkəɻˈgɻɒnt]

Kernow [ˈkəɻnoʊ]

Kernowek [kəɻˈnoʊək]

Kernowes [kəɻˈnoʊəz̥]

Kernowesow [kəɻnoʊˈɛzoʊ]

Kernowyon [kəɻˈnoʊjən]

kerry [ˈɻɨ]

Kerwrangon [ˌkəɻˈwɻæŋən]

kescows [ˈkɛskoʊz̥]

kesgwlasek [kɛzˈgwlæzək]

keslowena [kɛslˈɛnə]

kesva [ˈkɛzvə]

kettel [ˈkɛˌtɛl]

kettermyn [ˌkɛ'təɻmɨn]

keus [ˈkø:z]

kevarhewy [kəvəɻˈhɛʊɨ]

kevran [ˈkɛvɻæn]

kevren [ˈkɛvɻən]

kevrîn [ˈkɛvɻi:n] or [ˈkɛvɻin]

kevrînek [kəˈvɻi:nək]

kewar [ˈkɛwəɻ]

ky [ˈki:]

kyn [kɪn] or [kɨn]

kynth [kɪnθ] or [kɨnθ]

kyns [kɪnz]

kyst [ˈkɪst]

L (el) letter [ˈe:l]

las [ˈlæ:z]

lath [ˈlæːθ]

launchya [ˈlɒntʃjə]

launder [ˈlɒndəɻ]

lavar [ˈlavəɻ]

lavrak [ˈlævɻək]

lavurya [ləˈvɪɻjə]

lawl [ˈlaʊl]

lëb [ˈle:b]

lebmyn [ˈlɛbmɨn]

lemen [ˈlɛmən]

lenwel [ˈlɛnwəl]

leun [ˈløn]

leunstroth [ˈlønˌstroθ]

leverel [ləˈvəɻəl]

leverta [ləˈvəɻtə]

leveryans [ləˈvəɻjənz]

lies [ˈliəz̥]

lînednor [liˈnɛdnəɻ]

lînen [ˈli:nən]

lis [ˈli:z]

lîsak [ˈlizək]

lo [ˈloː]

loas [ˈloəz̥]

londya [ˈlɔndjə]

Loundres [ˈlundɻəz̥]

lowarth [ˈloʊəɻθ]

lowen [ˈloʊən]

lowena [loʊˈɛnə]

lower [ˈloʊəɻ] or [ˈloʊɻ]

lowr [ˈloʊɻ]

ly [ˈli:]

lyfryow [ˈlɪfɻ̊oʊ]

lythergyst ['lɪθəɻˌɡɪst]

lyver [ˈlɪvəɻ]

lyvrow [ˈlɪvɻoʊ]

M (em) letter [ˈe:m]

-ma [ˈmæ] or [mə]

maga [ˈmægə]

màn [ˈmæn]

mangows [ˌmænˈgoʊz]

mar [ˈmæ:ɻ]

margh [ˈmæɻx]

marhogeth [mæɻˈhɔgəθ]

marnas [ˈmæɻnəz̥]

martesen [ˌmæɻˈtɛzən]

ma's [ˈmæz] or [məz]

maw [ˈmaʊ]

may [maɪ]

me [ˈme:] or [ˌme]

medhel [ˈmɛðəl]

melen [ˈmɛlən]

melyn [ˈmɛlɨn]

men [ˈme:n]

mêny [ˈme:nɨ]

menyster [məˈnɪstəɻ]

meras [ˈməɻəz̥]

mès [məz]

mêster [ˈme:stəɻ]

mêstres [ˈme:stɻəz̥]

meur [ˈmø:ɻ] or [ˈmi:ɻ]

mil [ˈmi:l]

mildir [ˈmi:lˌdir] or milˈdi:r]

min [mi:n]

minwherthyn [minˈʍəɻθɨn]

miras [ˈmɪɻəz̥]

mona [ˈmɔnə]

mones [ˈmɔnə]

mos [ˈmo:z]

mowes [ˈmoʊəz̥]

moy [ˈmoɪ] or [ˈmuɪ]

mûn [ˈmu:n]

mûndalas [ˌmunˈdæləz̥]

mûsyk [ˈmju:zɨk]

mùy [ˈmuɪ]

my [ˈmi:]

mydn [ˈmɪdn]

mydnas [ˈmɪdnəz̥]

mynta [ˈmɪntə]

myrgh [ˈmɪɻx]

myttyn [ˈmɪtɨn]

N (en) letter [ˈe:n]

na [næ]

-na [ˈnæ] or [nə]

Nadelyk [nəˈdɛlɨk]

nag [næg]

nampëth [nəmˈpe:θ]

nanj [nændʒ] or [nɒndʒ]

nans noun [nænz]

nans particle [nænz] or [nɒnz]

naw [ˈnaʊ]

nawnjek [ˈnaʊndʒɛk]

nebes [ˈnɛbəz̥]

nen [ˈneːn]

neppëth [ˌnɛˈpe:θ]

nes [ˈneːz]

nessa [ˈnɛsə]

newher [ˈnɛʍəɻ]

nor’vy [ˈnɔɻvɨ]

nos [ˈno:z]

nos jùnya [ˈno:z ˈdʒunjə]

now [ˈnoʊ]

nowyth [ˈnoʊɨθ]

ny particle [ni]

ny pronoun [ˈni:]

nynj [nɪndʒ]

nyns [nɪnz]

O (o) letter [ˈoː] or [ˈoʊ]

obma [ˈɔbmə]

ogas [ˈɔgəz̥]

ogasty [ˈɔgəsˌti:] or [ˈɔgəstɨ]

ol [ˈoːl]

olcan [ˈɔlkən]

oll [ˈɔl]

olyfans [ɔˈlɪfənz]

oma [ˈɔmə]

on [ˈo:n]

ôn [ˈo:n]

onen [ˈɔnən]

only [ˈɔnlɨ]

onyon [ˈɔnjən]

onyonen [ɔnˈjɔnən]

orth [ɔɻθ]

os [ˈo:z]

osta [ˈɔstə]

ostel [ˈɔstəl]

ot [ˈɔt]

ov [o:v]

ow particle [oʊ] or [o]

ow pronoun [ˈoʊ]

owgh [ˈoʊx]

owth [oʊθ] or [oh]

P (pe) letter [ˈpeː] or [ˈpiː]

pà [pə]

padel [ˈpædəl]

pal [ˈpæ:l]

pan [ˈpæ:n] or [ˌpæn]

pàn [pən]

pana [ˈpænə]

pandr’yw [ˈpænˌdɻiʊ]

paper [ˈpæpəɻ]

park [ˈpæɻk]

paruster [pəˈɻɪstəɻ]

parusy [pəˈɻɪzɨ]

parys [ˈpæɻɨz̥]

passyon [ˈpæʃən]

pasty [ˈpæstɨ]

pe [ˈpe:]

pê [ˈpe:]

pebor [ˈpɛbəɻ]

peder [ˈpɛdəɻ]

pedrak [ˈpɛdɻək]

pel [ˈpe:l]

pelha [ˈpɛɭ̊ə]

pelhe [ˈpɛɭ̊ˌhe]

pell [ˈpɛl]

pella [ˈpɛɭ̊ə]

pellwolok [ˌpɛlˈwɔlək]

penfenten [pənˈvɛntən]

pens [ˈpɛnz]

penvenyster [pənˈnɪstəɻ]

perfeth [ˈpəɻfəθ]

peswar [ˈpɛzwəɻ]

peswardhek [pɛzˈwæɻðɛk]

pëth [ˈpe:θ]

peur [ˈpø:ɻ]

ple [ˈple:]

pleg [ˈple:g]

pleth [ˈple:θ]

pluv [ˈpli:v]

pluven [ˈplɪvən]

Plymoth [ˈplɪməθ]

pò [po]

podcast [ˈpɔdˌkæst]

pons [ˈpɔnz]

ponya [ˈpɔnjə]

poos [ˈpu:z]

popty [ˈpɔptɨ]

pòr [pɔɻ] or [pəɻ]

porhel [ˈpɔɻhəl]

possybyl [ˈpɔsɨbɨl]

possybylta [pɔsɨˈbɪltə]

pow [ˈpoʊ]

practycyow [pɻəkˈtɪsjoʊ̥]

practys [ˈpɻæktɨz̥]

prag [ˈpɻæ:g]

pras [ˈpɻæ:z]

prat [ˈpɻæt]

predery [pɻəˈdəɻɨ] or [pəˈdəɻɨ]

prias [ˈpɻiəz̥]

prysner [ˈpɻɪznəɻ]

pryva [ˈpɻɪvə]

pùb [ˈpub] or [pʉb]

puns [ˈpɪnz]

pùpprës [ˌpuˈpre:z]

pùptra [ˌpupˈtræ]

pùscas [ˈpuskəz̥]

py adjective [ˈpɨ] or [ˌpə]

py conjunction [pə]

pyctour [ˈpɪktʉɻ]

pymp [ˈpɪmp]

pymthek [ˈpɪmθɛk]

pysk [ˈpɪsk]

pytsa [ˈpɪtsə]

pyw [ˈpiʊ]

Q (qwo) letter [ˈkwoː] or [ˈkju:]

qwestyon [ˈkwɛstjən]

qweth [ˈkweːθ]

qwylkyn [ˈkwɪlkɨn]

R (er) letter [ˈə:ɻ]

radn [ˈɻædn]

rag [ɻæg] or [ɻəg] or [ɻ̊æg] or [ɻ̊əg]

ragpren [ˈɻækpɻen] or [ˈɻ̊ækpɻen]

ragprena [ɻəkˈpɻenə] or [ˈɻ̊əkˈpɻenə]

ras [ˈɻæ:z]

re adverb [ɻe:]

re particle [ɻe]

re pronoun [ɻe:] or  [ɻe]

re verb [ɻe:]

redya [ˈɻɛdjə]

rej ədʒ]

res noun / verb [ˈɻe:z] or [ˈɻi:z]

res particle əz]

Rësohen [ˌɻe:zˈɔhən]

rêson [ˈɻe:zən]

ryb [ɻɪb] or ɨb] or [ɻəb]

ros [ˈɻo:z]

rônd [ˈɻo:nd]

rownd [ˈɻoʊnd]

rudh [ˈɻi:ð]

ryver [ˈɻɪvəɻ]

S (es) letter [ˈe:z] or [ˈe:s]

sagh [ˈsæːx]

sarf [ˈsæɻf]

saw adjective [ˈsaʊ]

saw conjunction [saʊ]

saw preposition [ˈsaʊ] or [saʊ]

scaffa [ˈskæfə]

scattya [ˈskætjə]

scav [ˈskæːv]

scon [ˈsko:n]

scovarn [ˈskɔvəɻn]

screfa [ˈskɻɛfə]

scrif [ˈskɻi:f]

scrifa [ˈskɻɪfə]

scrin [ˈskɻi:n]

scryvynyas [skɻɨˈvɪnjəz̥]

scudel loren [ˈskɪdəl 'lɔɻən]

se [ˈse:]

sëgh [ˈse:x]

seth [ˈseːθ]

seytek [ˈsəɪtɛk]

seyth [ˈsəɪθ]

shakya [ˈʃækjə]

shoppa [ˈʃɔpə]

skentyl [ˈskɛntɨl]

skeul [ˈskø:l]

skyla [ˈskɪlə]

sodhva [ˈsɔðvə]

soodh [ˈsu:ð]

sows [ˈsoʊz]

Sows [ˈsoʊz]

Sowson [ˈsoʊzən]

Sowsnek [ˈsoʊznək]

spâss [ˈspæ:s]

spellys [ˈspɛlɨz̥]

speyss [ˈspəɪs]

spÿs [ˈspi:z] or [ˈspəɪs]

spladn [ˈsplædn]

sqwattya [ˈskwætjə] or [ˈskætjə]

sqwith [ˈskwi:θ]

stair [ˈste:ɻ]

stairys [ˈsteɻɨz̥]

stap [ˈstæp]

standard [ˈstændəɻd]

strêt [ˈstɻe:t]

sy [ˈsi:]

T (te) letter [ˈteː] or [ˈtiː]

tâ [ˈtæ:]

talkya [ˈtælkjə]

Tamar [ˈtæməɻ]

tan [ˈtæ:n]

tanow [ˈtænoʊ]

tavas [ˈtævəz̥]

te [ˈte:] or [ˌte] or [ˈtʃe:] or [ˌtʃe]

tecka [ˈtɛkə]

tecter [ˈtɛktəɻ]

teffa [ˈtɛfə]

teg [ˈte:g]

tejy [təˈdʒi:]

ter [təɻ]

terry [ˈtəɻɨ]

tesen [ˈtɛzən]

tew [ˈtɛʊ]

teylu [ˈtəɪlɨʊ]

teyr [ˈtəɪɻ]

to [ˈtoː]

to bian [ˈto: ˈbiən]

tobm [ˈtɔbm]

toul [ˈtu:l]

tour [ˈtu:ɻ] 

towl [ˈtoʊl]

tôwlel [ˈtoʊləl]

towlen [ˈtoʊlən]

tr' [tɻ]

trailya [ˈtɻe:ljə]

traweythyow [tɻəˈwəɪθjoʊ]

tre [ˈtɻe:]

tredden [ˈtɻɛden]

tredhek [ˈtɻɛðɛk]

tregys [ˈtɻɛgɨz̥]

tremis [ˈtreˌmiz]

treys [ˈtɻəɪz]

trigys [ˈtɻɪgɨz̥]

trigva rîvbost [ˈtɻɪgvə ˈɻi:vˌbost]

trist [ˈtɻi:st]

troos [ˈtɻu:z]

truan [ˈtɻuən]

trûlergh [ˈtɻu:ləɻx]

Trûrû [ˈtɻʉɻu]

try [ˈtɻi:]

ty [ˈti:]

U (û) letter [ˈuː] or [ˈjuː]

udn [ˈɪdn]

udnek [ˈɪdnɛk]

udnyk [ˈɪdnɨk]

ugans [ˈɪgənz]

ugh- ['iʊx] or [ˈju:x]

uhel [ˈjuhəl] or [ˈjuəl]

uhelha [jʉˈhɛɭ̊ə] or [jʉˈɛɭ̊ə]

uhella [jʉˈhɛɭ̊ə] or [ˈjʉˈɛɭ̊ə]

uj ['i:dʒ]

ujons [ˈɪdʒənz]

ujy [ˈɪdʒɨ]

ûla [ˈuːlə]

unsel [ˈɪnzəl]

unweyth [ˈɪnwəɪθ] or [ˈɪnwɨθ]

unyversyta [ju:nɨ'vəɻzɨtə]

usons [ˈɪzənz]

usy [ˈɪzɨ]

ûsya [ˈju:zjə]

uthyk [ˈɪθɨk]

V (ve) letter [ˈveː] or [ˈvi:]

va [və]

vëdh [ˈve:ð]

vëth [ˈve:θ]

velen [ˈvɛlən]

venyn [ˈvɛnɨn]

vêster [ˈve:stəɻ]

vêstres [ˈve:stɻəz̥]

viaj [ˈviədʒ]

vian [ˈviən]

vlou [ˈvlu:]

vowes [ˈvoʊəz̥]

vrâs [ˈvɻɒ:z]

vuwgh [ˈviʊx]

vydn [ˈvɪdn]

vynta [ˈvɪntə]

W (we) letter [ˈweː] or [ˈdubəl ju:] 

wafel [ˈwæfəl]

wag [ˈwæ:g]

walkya [ˈwælkjə]

war [ˈwæ:ɻ]

wàr [wəɻ]

warleny [wəɻ'lɛnɨ]

wedhen [ˈwɛðən]

wedren [ˈwɛdɻən]

wèl [ˈwɛl] or [wəl]

weles [ˈwɛləz̥]

wer [ˈwə:ɻ]

wharê [ʍəˈɻe:]

whe [ˈʍe:]

whednen [ˈʍɛdnən]

whegh [ˈʍe:x]

whel [ˈʍe:l]

whelas [ˈʍɛləz̥]

wherthyn [ˈʍəɻθɨn]

whêtek [ˈʍe:tɛk]

whilas [ˈʍɪləz̥]

whiogen [ʍiˈɔgən]

whor [ˈʍo:ɻ]

why [ˈʍi:]

whyb [ˈʍɪb]

whybonel [ʍɪˈbɔnəl]

whyl [ˈʍɪl]

wodhya [ˈwɔðjə]

woja [ˈwɔdʒə]

wòn [ˈwən]

woodh [ˈwu:ð]

worama [ˈwɔɻəmə]

Wordhen [ˈwɔɻðən]

worteweth [wəɻˈtiʊəθ]

wosa [ˈwɔzə]

wra [ˈwɻæ:] orwɻæ]

wrauntya [ˈwɻɒntjə]

wrella [ˈwɻɛɭ̊ə]

wrug [ˈwɻi:g] orwɻɪg]

wydn [ˈwɪdn]

wynsak [ˈwɪnzək]

X (ex) letter [ˈɛks]

Y (ye) letter [ˈjeː] or [ˈwhəɪ]

y personal pronoun [ˈi:]

y possessive pronoun [ɪ]

y particle [ə]

yagh [ˈjæ:x]

yar [ˈjæːɻ]

yêhes [ˈjɛhəz̥] or [ˈɛhəz̥]

yet [ˈjɛt]

yêth [ˈje:θ] or [ˈe:θ]

yêyn [ˈjəɪn] or [ˈəɪn]

y'm [əm]

yma [əˈmæ:]

ymowns [əˈmoʊnz]

yn [ən]

yns [ˈɪnz]

yth [əθ]

y'th [əθ]

yw [ˈiʊ]

ywa [ˈiʊə]

Z (zèd) letter [ˈzɛd] or [ˈzæd]

zyp [ˈzɪp]