KESCOWS NEBES MOY
CORNISH FOR EVERYDAY LIFE
Second Edition
Ian Jackson
Supplementary to Gerlyver Kescows
and continuously reviewed and expanded
SECTION 19
PLANTS ETC
Last updated: 17 December 2025 (13:00)
You can download this section in pdf format here
The purpose of Kescows Nebes Moy is to enable Cornish conversation about most non-specialist subjects without the need to switch into English. A first edition appeared in 2018. Cornish vocabulary items not found in Gerlyver Kescows were presented for the first time in classified lists that take the learner beyond elementary vocabulary, enabling conversation about more technical topics that nonetheless form part of everyday life.
The first edition was necessarily quite experimental, and was confined to just five thousand entries. Much has been learned since the first edition appeared. This second edition is being developed in more comprehensive form on-line. In particular we are considering families wishing to speak Cornish in the home, as well as the challenge of establishing potential for teaching through the medium of Cornish in primary and secondary schools.
You can search for what you want in this section, by Cornish or English word, using find on page or ctrl f.
You can browse the list of sections currently available here
Click or tap here for the Appendix ‘Word Building‘ which explains the principles of compounding, prefixation and suffixation.
We are very grateful to Professor Nicholas Williams and Michael Everson for the opportunity to coordinate these lists with drafts of their Gerlyver Brâs. This Section 19, in particular, would have been impossible without the diligent prior work of Professor Williams.
If you are supportive of revived traditional Cornish and the Kernowek Standard spelling system, please let us know in the event you find any errors or think something might be improved.
A word has a single stress accent on the penultimate syllable in the absence of any specific indication. When this accent falls elsewhere, the underlined vowel marks the syllable which is stressed. The symbol ‖ after a word indicates that, instead of a single stress accent, two syllables of the word are given prominence. In the case of a disyllabic word the prominence is usually slightly stronger on the adjectival element.
Loan-words corresponding to a Latin feminine first declension noun are here designated masculine. Such loan-words may alternatively be treated as feminine in Cornish too.
19-A TREES
avalwëdh ‖ col avalwedhen ‖ (avallen) Malus, apple trees
balsa m balsas Ochroma pyramidale, balsa
baywëdh ‖ col baywedhen ‖ Laurus nobilis, bay trees
besow col besowen Betula, birches
besow arhans col besôwen Betula pendula, silver birches
bôwëdh ‖ col bôwedhen ‖ Ficus religiosa, bo / Bodhi / peepul trees
box m byxyn Buxus, box
carobwëdh ‖ col carobwedhen ‖ Ceratonia siliqua, carob trees
cedarwëdh ‖ col cedarwedhen ‖ (cedar) Cedrus, cedars
cedarwëdh ‖ rudh col cedarwedhen ‖ Thuja plicata, western red cedars
cleswëdh ‖ col cleswedhen ‖ trees giving shelter
collwëdh ‖ col collwedhen ‖ Corylus avellana, hazels
collwëdh ‖ gwethyn col collwedhen ‖ wethyn Hamamelis, witch hazels
crisedhel ‖ col crisedhlen ‖ Populus tremula, aspens
derow col derowen Quercus robur, [pedunculate / English] oaks
derow Kernowek col derowen Gernowek Quercus petraea, sessile / Cornish oaks
derow kyfethya col derowen Notholithocarpus densiflorus, tanoaks
edhel col edhlen Populus, poplars
elow col elowen Ulmus, elms
elow kebmyn col elowen gebmyn Ulmus minor, English elms The taxonomy within Ulmus minor is controversial
elow del-ledan col elowen dhel-ledan Ulmus glabra, wych / Scotch elms
elow Kernowek col elowen Gernowek Ulmus minor, Cornish elms The taxonomy within Ulmus minor is controversial
enwëdh ‖ col enwedhen ‖ (onen) Fraxinus excelsior, ashes
ew col ewen Taxus baccata, English yews
ew Godhalek col ewen Wodhalek Taxus baccata ‘Fastigiata’, Irish yews
faw col fawen Fagus sylvatica, beeches
faw rudh col fawen Fagus sylvatica ‘Purpurea’, copper beeches
frûtwëdh ‖ m frûtwedhen ‖ fruit trees
fygbren ‖ m fygbrednyer ‖ Ficus carica, fig tree
glastan col glastanen Quercus ilex, holm-oaks, evergreen oaks
glaswëdh ‖ col glaswedhen ‖ saplings
gwëdh larch col gwedhen Larix, larches
gwëdh locùst col gwedhen Robinia pseudoacacia, false acacias, black locust trees
gwëdh rudh col gwedhen rudh Sequoioideae, redwoods
gwern col gwernen Alnus glutinosa, alders
gwinbren ‖ m gwinbrednyer ‖ Vitaceae, grapevine By convention this term is also used to refer to vines more generally
gwinwëdh ‖ col gwinwedhen ‖ Vitaceae, grapevines By convention this term is also used to refer to vines more generally
gwinwëdh ‖ Vyrjynya col gwinwedhen ‖ Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Virginia creeper
gwynyol (scaw gwragh) col gwynyolen Acer, maples
gwynyol bian col gwynyolen vian Acer campestre, field maples
gwynyol Japanek col gwynyolen Acer palmatum, Japanese maples
gwynyol Norgagh col gwynyolen Acer platanoides, Norway maples
helyk col helygen Salix, willows
helyk olva col helygen Salix babylonica, weeping willows
kerdhyn col kerdhynen Sorbus aucuparia, rowans
kesten margh col kestenen Aesculus hippocastanum, horse-chestnuts
kewëdh ‖ col hedge[row] Originally the same word as kêweyth (Unified Cornish kewyth) – the two words are still frequently treated as interchangeable
kêweyth ‖ m hedging Originally the same word as kewëdh (Unified Cornish kewyth) – the two words are still frequently treated as interchangeable
keybren ‖ m keybrednyer ‖ hollow tree
kyprùs m kyprùsow Cupressus, cypress
kyprùs Leyland m kyprùsow Cupressus x leylandii, Leyland cypress, leylandii
lorwëdh ‖ col lorwedhen ‖ Laurus, laurels
lorwëdh an meneth ‖ col lorwedhen ‖ Kalmia latifolia, mountain laurels, calico bushes
mahogany m Swietenia, mahogany
merew col merewen Juniperus communis, junipers
merhelyk ‖ col merhelygen ‖ Salix, osiers
mer[ys]wëdh ‖ col mer[ys]wedhen ‖ (merys) Mespilus germanica, medlars
myrtwëdh ‖ col myrtwedhen ‖ Myrtus, myrtles
olewbren ‖ (olewwedhen ‖) m olewbrednyer ‖ Olea europaea, olive tree
owrwern ‖ col owrwernen ‖ Tilia, lindens, limes
palmwëdh ‖ col palmwedhen ‖ palm trees
perbren ‖ m perbrednyer ‖ Pyrus, pear tree
pinbren ‖ m pinbrednyer ‖ Pinus, pine tree
pinbren ‖ gwyls m pinbrednyer ‖ Pinus sylvestris, Scotch pine
pinbren ‖ pêk m pinbrednyer ‖ Pinus rigida, pitch pine
pinbren ‖ peulyow m pinbrednyer ‖ Pinus contorta, lodgepole pine
pinwëdh ‖ col pinwedhen ‖ Pinus, pines
pîsswëdh ‖ col pîsswedhen ‖ Euonymus europaeus, spindles
planwëdh ‖ col planwedhen ‖ Platanus, plane trees
plùmbren ‖ col plùmbrednyer ‖ Prunus domestica, plum tree
plùmbren ‖ damask col plùmbrednyer ‖ Prunus [domestica subsp.] insititia, damson tree
sab (sabwëdh ‖) col saben Pinophyta (Conferae) conifers
sabwëdh ‖ Norgagh col sabwedhen ‖ Pinus sylvestris, Norway pines
scaw col scawen Sambucus, elders
skeuswëdh ‖ col skeuswedhen ‖ Ligustrum, privet
sowthanas sym m Araucaria araucana, monkey puzzle tree
spern gwydn col spernen wydn Crataegus monogyna, common hawthorns
sprûswëdh ‖ col sprûswedhen ‖ Picea, spruces
sybwëdh ‖ col sybwedhen ‖ Abies, firs
sycamorwëdh ‖ (gwynyol meur) col sycamorwedhen ‖ Acer pseudoplatanus, sycamores
tik m Tectona grandis, teak
yêwbren ‖ m yêwbrednyer ‖ Carpinus betulus, hornbeam
19-B SMALLER PLANTS
Singular / plural and collective / singulative distinctions are often disregarded; for convenience the English equivalents in this section are all in the singular (unless only a plural form exists). Plurals may be more readily applied to individual blooms or to fruits than to the plants on which they grow.
afodyl an towargh m afodylys Narthecium ossifragum, bog asphodel
alaw col alawen Nuphar lutea, yellow water lily
alaw Canada col alawen Elodea canadensis, Canadian pondweed
alaw owrek col alawen Orontium aquaticum, golden club
aloes pl Aloe (especially Aloe vera)
amaranth gwydn m Amaranthus albus, common tumbleweed
an vedheges (vedhyges) vian f Valeriana officinalis, common valerian
anîs m Pimpinella anisum, anise
anîs sterednek m Illicium verum, star anise
arvak an lowarth f Eruca sativa, rocket
ascall Albanek col ascallen Onopordum acanthium, Scottish thistle
ascall an gors col ascallen Cirsium palustre, marsh thistle
ascall an pras col ascallen Cirsium dissectum, meadow thistle
ascall benygys col ascallen venygys Centaurea benedicta, St Benedict’s / blessed thistle
ascall debry col ascallen Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus, artichoke
ascall del cawl col ascallen Cirsium oleraceum, cabbage thistle
ascall guw col ascallen Cirsium vulgare, spear thistle
ascall Maria wydn col ascallen Varia Silybum marianum, milk thistle
ascall mogh col ascallen Soncus oleraceus, [common] sow thistle
ascall owrek col ascallen Scolymus hispanicus, [common] golden thistle
ascall pedngren ‖ col ascallen bedngren ‖ Echinops sphaerocephalus, [glandular] globe thistle
ascall stubmek col ascallen Carduus nutans, musk thistle
ascall tin ors col ascallen Carlina vulgaris, carline thistle
asfodyl m asfodylys Asphodelus albus, white asphodel
aval Malan m avallow Mandragora officinarum, mandrake
aval spernek (aval dreynak) m avallow Datura stramonium, thorn apple, jimsonweed
bambou (cors Eyndek) m Bambusa vulgaris, common bamboo
bambou du m Phyllostachys nigra, black bamboo
bambou brâs m Phyllostachys bambusoides, giant timber bamboo
bambou owrek m Phyllostachys aurea, fishpole / golden bamboo
banal (banadhel) col banallen Cytisus scoparius, common / Scotch broom
banal Spaynek col banallen Spartium junceum, Spanish broom
barlys col Hordeum vulgare, barley
barlys gwyls col Hordeum murinum, wall barley
barv an cothwas f barvow Clematis vitalba, old man’s beard
barv an hôk f barvow Crepis, hawksbeard
barv gavar f barvow Tragopogon pratensis, meadow goat’s beard
barv gavar lowarth f barvow Tragopogon porrifolius, [common] salsify
barv hôk an cors f barvow Crepis paludosa, marsh hawksbeard
barv hôk elvynak f barvow Crepis vesicaria, beaked hawksbeard
barv hôk Frynk f barvow Crepis nicaeensis, French hawksbeard
bayol m Inula helenium, elecampane
bêgel an Werhes (crampeth mowysy) m bêgelyow Umbilicus rupestris, navelwort, [wall] pennywort
beler an gwâv col beleren Barbarea vulgaris, wintercress
beler an vagor col beleren Arabidopsis thaliana, thale cress
beler dowr col beleren Nasturtium officinale, watercress
beler gwâv crescradhek ‖ col beleren Barbarea intermedia, medium-flowered wintercress
beler gwaynten col beleren Barbarea verna, American [winter]cress
beler Jerùsalem col beleren Sisymbrium irio, London rocket
beler lowarth col beleren Lepidium sativum, [garden] cress
beler men col beleren Arabis, rockcress
beler mogh col beleren Lepidium coronopus, swine cress
beler uhel col beleren Sisymbrium altissimum, tall rocket
beler wherow col beleren Cardamine, bittercress, toothwort
besias Maria pl Anthyllis vulneraria, kidney vetch
betys mor col betysen Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima, sea beet
betys rudh col betysen Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Conditiva Group, beetroot
betys shùgra col betysen Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Altissima Group, sugar beet
bewles ‖ m Sedum, stonecrop
bewles ‖ gwydn m Sedum album, white stonecrop
bewles ‖ wherow m Sedum acre, biting stonecrop
bewvyth f Sempervivum tectorum, common houseleek
blejen an gog (losowen an gog) f blejednow Cardamine pratensis, cuckoo flower, lady’s smock This term is also occasionally employed non-technically in the sense Orchidaceae, orchid – see tegyrynen
blejen an gronel f blejednow Trollius, globeflower
blejen an lefans f blejednow Pedicularis, lousewort
blejen an mel f blejednow Filipendula ulmaria, meadowsweet
blejen an vran f blejednow Silene flos-cuculi, ragged robin
blejen Aubry f blejednow Aubrieta, aubretia
blejen calgh f blejednow Gypsophila, baby’s breath
blejen clogh f blejednow Campanula, bellflower
blejen dama noth f blejednow Amaryllis belladonna, Jersey lily, naked lady
blejen ergh f blejednow Galanthus, snowdrop
blejen fenokel f blejednow Nigella damascena, love-in-a-mist
blejen flàm f blejednow Phlox
blejen fosow f blejednow Cheiranthus, wallflower
blejen gefnys f blejednow kefnys Silene dioica, red campion
blejen gefnys an mor f blejednow kefnys Silene uniflora, sea campion
blejen gefnys gebmyn f blejednow kefnys kebmyn Silene vulgaris, bladder campion
blejen gwylar f blejednow Heuchera, coral bells
blejen gwyns f blejednow Anemone
blejen hanter-dëdh ‖ f blejednow Mesembryanthemum
blejen howldro ‖ f blejednow Heliotropium, heliotrope
blejen mùsk f blejednow Erythranthe moschata, musk flower
blejen Nadelyk f blejednow Euphorbia pulcherrima, poinsettia
blejen paly f blejednow Clarkia
blejen paper f blejednow Bougainvillea, paperflower
blejen Pask f blejednow Pulsatilla vulgaris, pasqueflower
blejen passyon f blejednow Passiflora, passion flower
blejen pykern f blejednow Echinacea, coneflower
blejen sowdon f blejednow Impatiens walleriana, busy Lizzie
blejen tê f blejednow Camellia
blejen Vyhâl f blejednow Myhâl Aster, Michaelmas daisy
blew dowr col blewen Ranunculus aquatilis, water crowfoot
boos an scovarnak m Oxalis acetosella, wood sorrel
boos nader (strew nader, trew nader, lagasow cathas) m Rabelera holostea, greater stitchwort
boos nader an gors m Stellaria palustris, marsh stitchwort
boos nader bian m Stellaria graminea, lesser stitchwort
boreles ‖ (egor Duw) m Bellis perennis, common daisy Also called caja – see Gerlyver Kescows
bothen (blejen an drevas, caja velen) f bothednow Glebionis segetum, corn marigold
bothen Cathay f bothednow Chrysanthemum
bothen jarn f bothednow Calendula officinalis, garden marigold
box Cathayan m byxyn Lycium barbarum, Duke of Argyll’s tea plant
brathles ‖ [cogh] m Lysimachia arvensis, scarlet pimpernel
brathles ‖ an gors m Anagallis tenella, bog pimpernel
brewles ‖ m Stachys, woundwort, lamb’s ears
brewles ‖ an ÿs m Stachys arvensis, field woundwort
brewles ‖ manvlewek m Stachys germanica, downy woundwort
brewles ‖ melen m Stachys recta, perennial yellow woundwort
brially col briallen Primula (especially Primula vulgaris, primrose)
brially gordhuwher col briallen Oenothera biennis, evening primrose
brially lagas edhen col briallen Primula farinosa, bird’s-eye primrose
brially lowarth col briallen Primula x polyantha, polyanthus
brially tabour col briallen Primula denticulata, drumstick primrose
brodn col brodnen Juncus, rush
brodn mor col brodnen Juncus tenageia, sand rush
bystel dhor velen f Blackstonia perfoliata, yellow-wort
cader Grist (loos an fordh) f Filago, cudweed
caja an fos f Erigeron karvinskianus, Mexican fleabane
caja mor f Aster tripolium, sea aster
caja vrâs f Leucanthemum vulgare, ox-eye daisy
camil col camîlen Chamaemelum nobile, [garden] camomile
camil Alman col camîlen Matricaria chamomilla (recutita), German camomile
camil mogh col camîlen Matricaria discoidia, pineappleweed
camil ÿs col camîlen Anthemis arvensis, corn camomile
cancolm (milgolm) m Polygonum aviculare, knotweed
canel m Cinnamomum, cinnamon
canel Cathay m Cinnamomum cassia, cassia
caprys col caprysen Capparis spinosa, caper, Flinders rose
caretys col caretysen Daucus carota, wild carrot
carwê m Carum carvi, caraway
cawl col cawlen Brassica oleracea var. capitata, cabbage
cawl an keun col cawlen Mercurialis perennis, dog’s mercury
cawl oyl col cawlen Brassica napus, oilseed rape
cawl Sèn Padryk col cawlen Saxifraga spathularis x umbrosa, London pride
clavorles ‖ m Scabiosa, scabious
clavorles ‖ an jowl m Succisa pratensis, devil’s-bit [scabious]
clavorles ‖ an meneth m Jasione montana, sheep’s-bit [scabious]
clegh an eos pl Campanula rotundifolia, harebell
clegh coral pl Heuchera, coral bells
clegh kesow pl Erica vagans, Cornish heath
clegh owr pl Forsythia
clogh ergh pl clegh Soldanella, snowbell
clovas m Syzygium aromaticum, clove
côcô m Theobroma cacao, cocoa
coffy m Coffea, coffee
cogfenyl ‖ m Anthemis cotula, stinking camomile, mayweed
coghles ‖ m Sanguisorba officinalis, great burnet
coghles ‖ bian m Sanguisorba minor, salad burnet
coglynas ‖ crèn col coglynasen ‖ grèn Lamium amplexicaule, henbit deadnettle
coglynas ‖ gwydn col coglynasen ‖ wydn Lamium album, white deadnettle
coglynas ‖ melen col coglynasen ‖ velen Lamiastrum galeobdolon, yellow archangel
coglynas ‖ mousak (les loos mousek) col coglynasen ‖ vousak Ballota nigra, black horehound
coglynas ‖ rudh col coglynasen ‖ Lamium purpureum, red deadnettle
cogpersyl ‖ m & col Aethusa cynapium, fool’s parsley
coosfenyl ‖ m Thymus serpyllum, creeping thyme
corrfenyl ‖ m Anthriscus cerefolium, [garden] chervil
corndhêl ‖ col corndhêlen ‖ Ceratophyllum demersum, hornwort
cors (kers) col corsen Phragmites australis, common reed
corswyk col corswygen Viburnum opulus, guelder rose
corynt blejyowek m coryns Ribes sanguineum, flowering currant
corynt rudh m coryns Ribes rubrum, redcurrant
corynt du m coryns Ribes nigrum, blackcurrant
costa m Curcuma zedoaria, zedoary
coton m Gossypium, cotton
coton an wûn (lin gwern) m Eriophorum, cotton grass
cowrvalow ‖ col cowrvalowen ‖ Hibiscus
crîbell-les ‖ m teasel
crîben culyak f crîbednow Celosia argentea var. cristata, cockscomb
crinles ‖ m Viola, violet
crinles ‖ an keun m Viola canina, heath dog-violet
criswels ‖ col criswelsen ‖ Briza, quaking grass
cùcùmys (cùcùmbra) m cùcùmysow Cucumis sativus, cucumber
cùmyn m Cuminum cyminum, cumin
cùmyn du m Nigella sativa, black cumin
dagrow Duw pl Fuchsia magellanica, hardy fuchsia
dagrow Maria pl Primula veris, cowslip
dâlya m dâlyas Dahlia
dans lew m dens Taraxacum, dandelion
del crobman (culyogas) col dêlen Plantago lanceolata, ribwort plantain
del pedn nader col dêlen Fritillaria, fritillary
deneren an gors f denerednow Hydrocotyle vulgaris, marsh pennywort
derow an dor col derowen Teucrium, germander
deryk f Dryas octopetala, mountain avens
dowrles ‖ m Potamogeton, pondweed
dowrles ‖ Amerycan m Potamogeton epihydrus, American pondweed
dowrles ‖ an cors m Potamogeton polygonifolius, bog pondweed
dowrles ‖ bian m Potamogeton berchtoldii, small pondweed
dowrles ‖ crygh m Potamogeton crispus, curly-leaf pondweed
dowrles ‖ gwelsek m Potamogeton obtusifolius, blunt-leaved pondweed
dowrles ‖ kenak m Potamogeton coloratus, fen pondweed
dowrles ‖ ledandhêl ‖ m Potamogeton natans, broad-leaved pondweed
dowrles ‖ lenter m Potamogeton lucens, shining pondweed
dowrles ‖ tredoll m Potamogeton perfoliatus, perfoliate / clasping [leaf] pondweed
dreyn an bogh col dreynen Frangula alnus, alder buckthorn
dreyn Crist col dreynen Paliurus spina-christi, Christ’s thorn
dreyn Ejyp col dreynen Acacia
dreyn mor col dreynen Hippophae ramnoides, sea buckthorn
dynarles ‖ m Lysimachia nummularia, moneywort, creeping jenny
dynarles ‖ Kernowek m Sibthorpia europaea, Cornish moneywort
dytany m Dictamnus albus, dittany, burning bush
egor jarn m egrow Leucanthemum maximum
elester col elestren Iris
elester lowarth col elestren Iris germanica, bearded iris
elester melen col elestren Iris pseudacorus, yellow flag
elester wheg col elestren Acorus calamus, sweet flag
ervyn (kedhow gwel, tùrnyp) col ervynen Brassica rapa, turnip
ervyn gwyls col ervynen wyls Ramphospermum arvense, charlock
evor m Heracleum sphondylium, hogweed
evor an cowr m Heracleum montegazzianum, giant hogweed
ewcalyptùs m ewcalyptùsow Eucalyptus
eyles ‖ m Drosera, sundew
eyles ‖ dêlhir ‖ m Drosera intermedia, oblong-leaved sundew
eyles ‖ kebmyn m Drosera rotundifolia, round-leaved sundew
farwèl Hâv m Aster, Michaelmas daisy
fav (fâ) col faven Phaseolus vulgaris, common bean
fav adzûky col faven Vigna angularis, adzuki bean
fav cygar col faven Catalpa speciosa, northern catalpa
fav Eyndek col faven Catalpa bignonioides, southern catalpa
fav gwydn col faven wydn Phaseolus lunatus, butter (lima) bean
fav ledan col faven Vicia faba, broad bean
fav soya col faven Glycine max, soya bean (soybean)
fenokel Elen Luyow m Meum athamanticum, baldmoney, spignel
fenokel Grêca m Trigonella foenum-graecum, fenugreek
fenyl (fenokel) m Foeniculum vulgare, fennel
fenyl angùs m Anethum graveolens, dill
fenyl keun m Tripleurospermum inodorum, scentless mayweed
fenyl (fenokel) mor m Crithmum maritimum, [rock] samphire
festuwels ‖ col festuwelsen ‖ Festuca, fescue [grass]
festuwels davas ‖ col festuwelsen ‖ Festuca ovina, sheep‘s fescue
fion col fionen Narcissus (especially Narcissus jonquilla, jonquil)
fion an prydyth col fionen Narcissus poeticus, poet’s daffodil
fosles ‖ (les parwys) m Parietaria officinalis, pellitory-of-the-wall, upright pellitory
fosles ‖ lyha m Soleirolia soleirolii, mind-your-own-business
frobmles ‖ m Impatiens, balsam
frobmles ‖ Eyndek m Impatiens glandulifera, Himalayan balsam
frobmles ‖ melen m Impatiens noli-tangere, touch-me-not balsam
fydny f Agrostis, bent[grass]
fydny veur f Molinia caerulea, purple moor grass
fydny vrâs f Deschampsia caespitosa, tufted haircrass, tussock grass
garget an arlodhes (grugys Maria) m gargettow Phalaris canariensis, canary grass
garget lowarthor m gargettow Phalaris arundinacea, reed canary grass
gelvyn garan m gelvynas Geranium, cranesbill
gelvyn garan an coos m gelvynas Geranium sylvaticum, wood cranesbill
gelvyn garan cogh m gelvynas Geranium sanguineum, bloody cranesbill
gelvyn garan dygempen m gelvynas Geranium dissectum, cut-leaved cranesbill
gelvyn garan golow m gelvynas Geranium lucidum, shining cranesbill
gelvyn garan gorm m gelvynas Geranium phaeum, dusky cranesbill, mourning widow
gelvyn garan pras m gelvynas Geranium pratense, meadow cranesbill
gledh m Stellaria media, chickweed
gledh dowr m Samolus valerandi, brookweed
gledh scovarn m Cerastium, mouse-ear chickweed
glesyn an coos m Ajuga reptans, bugle
glesyn Eyndek m Indigofera tinctoria, true indigo
glesyn gwâv Amerycan m Gaultheria
glusles ‖ m Silene, Lychnis, catchfly
glusles ‖ crog m Silene pendula, nodding catchfly
godroth an genek m Galium palustre, marsh bedstraw
godroth an gors m Galium uliginosum, fen bedstraw
godroth an hanter-nos m Galium boreale, northern bedstraw
godroth an ros m Galium saxatile, heath bedstraw
godroth calgh m Galium sterneri, limestone bedstraw
godroth ke m Galium mollugo, hedge bedstraw
godroth kebmyn m Galium verum, lady’s bedstraw
godroth tanow m Galium pumilum, slender bedstraw
golokles ‖ m Euphrasia, eyebright
gols Gwener (gols an Werhes) m Adiantum capillus-veneris, maidenhair fern
goodhkenyn ‖ col goodhkenynen ‖ Allium vineale, wild onion, crow garlic
gorles (losow corr ewyn) col Draba verna, whitlowgrass
gorles carrek m Draba norvegica, rock whitlowgrass
gorles fos m Draba muralis, wall whitlowgrass
gornerth m gornerthow Scrophularia nodosa, common figwort
gorvanal col gorvanallen Orobanche, broomrape
gorvanal brâs col gorvanallen vrâs Orobanche rapum-genistae, greater broomrape
gorvanal kebmyn col gorvanallen gebmyn Orobanche minor, common broomrape
gorvanal pùrpur col gorvanallen bùrpur Orobanche purpurea, purple broomrape
goskejwëdh ‖ an Werhes col goskejwedhen ‖ Clematis
gowyles ‖ m Gentiana, gentian, felwort
gowyles ‖ Almayn m Gentianella germanica, German / Chiltern gentian
gowyles ‖ avarr m Gentianella tenella, slender gentian
gowyles ‖ ergh m Gentianella nivalis, snow / Alpine gentian
gowyles ‖ gwaynten m Gentiana verna, spring gentian
gowyles ‖ kydnyaf m Gentianella amarella, autumn gentian, felwort
gowyles ‖ Myhâl m Gentiana pneumonanthe, marsh gentian
gowyles ‖ prasow m Gentianella campestris, field gentian
grug crowsek col Erica tetralix, cross-leaved heath
grug loos col Erica cinerea, bell heather
grugros ‖ col grugrosen ‖ Rhododendron
grugros ‖ melen col grugrosen ‖ velen azalea
growynles ‖ m Veronica, speedwell
growynles ‖ brâs m Veronica austriaca, Austrian speedwell
growynles ‖ dowr m Veronica beccabunga, brooklime
growynles ‖ dowr blou m Veronica anagallis-aquatica, blue water speedwell
growynles ‖ dowr gwydnrudh ‖ m Veronica catenata, pink water speedwell
growynles ‖ timdhêl ‖ m Veronica serpyllifolia, thyme-leaved speedwell
grug crowsek col Erica tetralix, cross-leaved heath
grug loos col Erica cinerea, bell heather
gwaneth col gwanethen Triticum, wheat (especially Triticum aestivum, common wheat)
gwaneth Alman col gwanethen Triticum turgidum, emmer wheat
gwaneth an bryny col gwanethen Sedum anglicum, English stonecrop
gwaneth cales col gwanethen gales Triticum durum, durum wheat
gwaneth du an jowl col gwanethen Persicaria maculosa, redshank
gwaneth Frynk col gwanethen Fagopyrum esculentum, buckwheat
gwederles ‖ m Salicornia, glasswort
gwèg (gwiadores) col gwegen Convolvulus, bindweed Alternatively treated as masculine singular with plural gwegas
gwèg an ke col gwegen Calystegia sepium, hedge bindweed
gwèg an mor (blejen an pensevyk) col gwegen Calystegia soldanella, sea bindweed
gwèg benygys col gwegen venygys Onobrychis viciifolia, sainfoin
gwèg kebmyn col gwegen Convolvulus arvensis, field bindweed
gwegbÿs ‖ kebmyn col gwegbysen ‖ gebmyn Vicia sativa, common vetch
gwegbÿs ‖ melen col gwegbysen ‖ velen Vicia lutea, yellow vetch
gwegbÿs ‖ tosak col gwegbysen ‖ dosak Vicia cracca, tufted / bird vetch
gwels lost ky col gwelsen Cynosurus, dogstail grass
gwels lost lowarn col gwelsen Alopecurus pratensis, meadow foxtail
gwels lost scovarnak col gwelsen Lagurus ovatus, hare’s tail grass
gwels paw culyak col gwelsen Dactylis glomerata, cocksfoot grass
gwels scùrvy col gwelsen Cochlearia, scurvy grass, spoonwort
gwenynles ‖ m Melissa officinalis, lemon balm
gwredhrudh ‖ gwyls m Rubia peregrina, wild madder
gwyfos ‖ col gwyfosen ‖ Lonicera, honeysuckle
gwyfos Cathay ‖ col gwyfosen ‖ Kolkwitzia amabilis, beauty bush
gwyfos Eyndek ‖ col gwyfosen ‖ Leycesteria formosa, Himalayan honeysuckle, flowering nutmeg
gwyvùrnwëdh ‖ col gwyvùrnwedhen ‖ Viburnum lantana, wayfaring tree
helygles ‖ m Epilobium, willowherb
helygles ‖ brâs m Epilobium hirsutum, great willowherb
helygles ‖ cul m Chamaenerion angustifolium, rosebay willowherb, fireweed
helygles ‖ ledan m Epilobium montanum, broad-leaved willowherb
helyk Maria (helyk an Werhes) col helygen Myrica gale, bog myrtle
hesk col hesken Carex, sedge
hesk blewak col hesken vlewak Carex hirta, hairy sedge
hesk coos col hesken Carex sylvatica, wood sedge
hesk gelvynak col hesken elvynak Carex rostrata, bottle / beaked sedge
hesk glas col hesken las Carex flacca, glaucous sedge
hesk gwaneth col hesken Carex panicea, carnation sedge
hesk gwarak col hesken warak Carex distans, distant sedge
hesk kebmyn col hesken gebmyn Carex nigra, common sedge
hesk loos col hesken Carex divulsa, grey sedge
hesk lydn bian col hesken lydn vian Carex acutiformis, lesser pond sedge
hesk lydn meur col hesken lydn veur Carex riparia, greater pond sedge
hesk melen col hesken velen Carex flava, yellow sedge, hedgehog grass
hesk melen an towargh col hesken velen Carex demissa, common yellow sedge
hesk meneth col hesken Carex montana, mountain / soft-leaved sedge
hesk olyfans col hesken Typha elephantina, elephant grass
hesk pell col hesken bell Carex remota, remote sedge
hesk sterednek col hesken Carex echinata, star sedge
hesk tewas col hesken Carex arenaria, sand sedge
holanles ‖ m Salsola, saltwort
hopys col hopysen Humulus lupulus, common hop
hopys cog col hopysen gog Trifolium campestre, hop trefoil
hortensya (blejen seythlyw ‖) m hortensyas Hydrangea, hortensia
howl-les ‖ (losow[en] howl) m Helianthus, sunflower
idhyow an leur col idhyowen Veronica hederifolia, ivy-leaved speedwell
idhyow dor col idhyowen dhor Glechoma hederacea, ground ivy
idhyow gwenynek col idhyowen wenynek Toxicodendron radicans, poison ivy
idhyow kefnysen col idhyowen gefnysen Chlorophytum comosum, spider plant
ivrê col ivreen Lolium temulentum, darnel
jacynct m jacynctys Hyacinthus, hyacinth
jacynct dowr m jacynctys Pontederia crassipes, water hyacinth
jacynct grappa m jacynctys Muscari atlanticum, grape hyacinth
jasmyn m Jasminum officinale, [common] jasmine
jasmyn carrek m Androsace alpina, Alpine rock jasmine
jasmyn an Penrîn m Gardenia
jûta m Corchorus, jute
jylofer m jylofers Dianthus, pink, carnation
jynjyber m Zingiber officinale, ginger
kedhow fos m Diplotaxis muralis, annual wall rocket
kedhow ke m Sisymbrium officinale, hedge mustard
kedhow tewas m Diplotaxis tenuifolia, perennial wall rocket
kegys col kegysen Conium maculatum, hemlock
kegys benow col kegysen venow Anthriscus sylvestris, cow parsley
kegys bian col kegysen vian Cicuta virosa, cowbane, northern water hemlock
kegys dowr col kegysen Oenanthe crocata, hemlock water dropwort
kegys dowr pîbednek col kegysen dowr bîbednek Oenanthe fistulosa, tubular water dropwort
kegys gwydn col kegysen wydn Myrrhis odorata, sweet cicely
kegys wheg col kegysen Apium graveolens, celery
keler col keleren Conopodium majus, pignut
kellyn m (boos heyjy) m Lemna, duckweed
kelyn bian col kelynen vian Ruscus aculeatus, butcher’s broom
kelyn mor (morgelyn ‖, kelyn treth) col kelynen Eryngium maritimum, sea holly
kenyn col kenynen Allium ampeloprasum, wild leek
kenyn gwyls (cooskenyn ‖) col kenynen wyls Allium ursinum, wild / wood garlic, ramsons
kenyn Peder col kenynen Narcissus pseudonarcissus, daffodil Also called afodyl or lyly Corawys – see Gerlyver Kescows
kenyn syvy col kenynen Allium schoenoprasum, chives
kergh col kerhen Avena sativa, oats
kerghwels ‖ col kerghwelsen ‖ Helictotrichon, Trisetum, oatgrass
kykery (barv managh) f Cichorium intybus, chicory
kyprùs hâv m kyprùsow Bassia scoparia, summer cypress
lavant m Lavandula, lavender
laylock m Syringa, lilac
ledanles ‖ m Plantago, plantain
ledanles ‖ brâs m Plantago major, broadleaf plantain, waybread
ledanles ‖ carow m Plantago coronopus, buck’s-horn plantain
ledanles ‖ dowr m Alisma plantago-aquatica, common water plantain
ledanles ‖ dowr bian m Baldellia ranunculoides, lesser water plantain
ledanles ‖ dowr cul m Alisma lanceolatum, narrow-leaved water plantain
ledanles ‖ mor m Plantago maritima, sea plantain
lednles ‖ m Gaillardia, blanket flower
les an gog (kenyn an vran) m Hyacinthoides non-scripta, bluebell Also called blejen an gùcû – see Gerlyver Kescows
les derth m Tanacetum parthenium, feverfew Second State derth is attested in the Old Cornish Vocabulary
les dosek m Stachys officinalis, betony Second State dosek is attested in the Old Cornish Vocabulary
les loos m Marrubium vulgare, common / white horehound
les serhak m Arctium, burdock
les serhak bian m Galium aparine, goosegrass, cleavers
lethles ‖ m Euphorbia, spurge
lethles ‖ an coos m Euphorbia amygdaloides, wood spurge
lethles ‖ an mor m Euphorbia paralias, sea spurge
letys (lethyk) col letysen Lactuca sativa, common / garden lettuce
letys an ôn col letysen Valeriana locusta, lamb’s lettuce, cornsalad
lin m Linum usitatissimum, flax
lin an vagor m Cymbalaria muralis, ivy-leaved toadflax
lin cronak (lin gwyls) m Linaria, toadflax
lin cronak loos m Linaria repens, pale toadflax
lin cronak pùrpur m Linaria purpurea, purple toadflax
lin Zêlond Nowyth m Phormium tenax, New Zealand flax
losles ‖ m Artemisia vulgaris, mugwort
losow Adam hag Eva (cûghles ‖, troos an golom, botas hag eskyjyow) col losowen Aquilegia, columbine
losow an dial col losowen Reynoutria japonica, Japanese knotweed
losow an el col losowen Angelica sylvestris, wild angelica
losow an er col losowen Asperula, woodruff
losow an gath col losowen Nepeta cataria, catnip, catmint This term is also occasionally employed non-technically in the sense Valeriana officinalis, valerian – see an vedheges vian
losow an hâv col losowen Convallaria majalis, lily of the valley
losow an jypson col losowen Lycopus europaeus, gypsywort
losow an lewpart col losowen Doronicum, leopard’s-bane
losow an low col losowen Pedicularis sylvatica, common / small lousewort
losow an mogh col losowen Heracleum sphondylium, hogweed
losow an mytern col losowen Ocimum basilicum, basil
losow an pùdyn col losowen Mentha pulegium, pennyroyal
losow an skevens col losowen Pulmonaria, lungwort
losow avy col losowen Hepatica, liverwort
losow benygys col losowen venygys Geum urbanum, wood avens, herb bennet
losow briansen col losowen Campanula trachelium, nettle-leaved bellflower
losow cador col losowen Lythrum, loosestrife
losow cador melen col losowen cador velen Lysimachia vulgaris, garden / yellow loosestrife
losow cador rudh col losowen Lythrum salicaria, purple loosestrife
losow cansvledhen col losowen Agave americana, century plant
losow cardynal col losowen Lobelia cardinalis, cardinal flower
losow conar col losowen gonar madwort(s) referring either to Alyssum or to Asperugo procumbens
losow crîben col losowen Magnolia
losow cramyas col losowen creeper
losow crows col losowen grows Cruciata laevipes, crosswort
losow cùsk (cùskles ‖) col losowen gùsk Papaver somniferum, opium poppy
losow cùgol col losowen gùgol Aconitum napellus, aconite, monkshood
losow er an lywor col losowen Asperula tinctoria, dyer’s woodruff
losow er wheg col losowen Galium odoratum, sweet woodruff
losow go’dhor col losowen Euphorbia lathyris, caper spurge
losow gwednal col losowen Chelidonium majus, greater celandine
losow hôk col losowen Hieracium, hawkweed
losow hôk loos col losowen Hieracium pilosella, mouse-ear-hawkweed
losow kefnys col losowen gefnys Tradescantia, spiderwort
losow lagas col losowen Ranunculus ficaria, lesser celandine
losow leth col losowen Polygala, milkwort
losow lusow col losowen Pericallis x hybrida, cineraria
losow puber col losowen Lepidium latifolium, dittander
losow ros kert col losowen Heracleum mantegazzianum, giant hogweed
losow Sèn Crystofer col losowen Actaea spicata, baneberry, herb Christopher
losow Sèn Crystofer an gors col losowen Hypericum elodes, marsh St John’s wort
losow Sèn Crystofer pedrak col losowen Sèn Crystofer bedrak Hypericum tetrapterum, square-stalked St John’s wort
losow Sèn Jowan (losow Sèn Crystofer tellek, mildoll) col losowen Hypericum perforatum, St John’s wort
losow Sul col losowen Ruta graveolens, [common] rue
losow tabm ôn col losowen Armeria maritima, sea thrift
losow tethen col losowen Lapsana communis, nipplewort
losow torrak col losowen Actaea racemosa, bugbane, black cohosh
losow troos ebal col losowen Tussilago farfara, coltsfoot
losow whydn col losowen Pulicaria, fleabane
losow whydn loos col losowen Erigeron acer (acris), blue fleabane
lûfa m lûfaow Luffa (especially Luffa aegyptiaca), loofah
lus col lusen Vaccinium myrtillus, [common] bilberry, [blue] whortleberry
lus rudh col lusen Vaccinium oxycoccos, [small] cranberry
lydnles ‖ m Potamogeton, pondweed; Elodea, waterweed
lydnles ‖ kernek m Zannichellia palustris, horned pondweed
lyly Afrycan col lilien Agapanthus africanus, African lily
lyly cledha col lilien Gladiolus
lyly cres col lilien Spathiphyllum, peace lily
lyly dëdh col lilien Hemerocallis, daylily
lyly fakel col lilien fakel Kniphofia, red-hot poker
lyly gwydn col lilien wydn Lilium candidum, white lily, Madonna lily
lyly henledan col lilien Hosta, plantain lily
lyly kefnysen col lilien gefnysen Hymenocallis, spider lily
lyly Kerry col lilien Simethis mattiazzii, Kerry lily
lywles ‖ m Reseda luteola, dyer’s rocket, weld
mabmreden ‖ (losow an vabm) col mabmredenen ‖ Asplenium, spleenwort
mabmreden forhek ‖ col mabmredenen ‖ Asplenium septentrionale, forked spleenwort
mabmreden gwer ‖ col mabmredenen wer ‖ Asplenium viride, green spleenwort
mabmreden an vagor ‖ col mabmredenen ‖ Asplenium trichomanes, maidenhair spleenwort
maderê m Senecio vulgaris, groundsel
maderê brâs m Senecio jacobaea, common ragwort
maderê cors m Jacobaea aquatica, marsh ragwort
maderê Peder Sans m Senecio squalidus, Oxford ragwort
magel Gwener f maglow Dionaea muscipula, Venus flytrap
magles ‖ m Medicago sativa, alfalfa, lucerne
mahônya m Mahonia
malow col malowen Malva, mallow
malow cors col malowen Althaea officinalis, marsh mallow
malow lowarth col malowen Alcea rosea, hollyhock
mandon f Cynanchica pyrenaica, squinancywort (squincywort)
mandon las an ÿs f Sherardia arvensis, field madder
manek lowarn (manek rudh) f manegow Digitalis purpurea, foxglove
mangel m mangels Beta vulgaris Crassa Group, mangold, mangelwurzel
mangô m Mangifera, mango
mangrôf m mangrôvys Rhizophora, mangrove
marghreden ‖ (reden derow) col marghredenen ‖ Polypodium, polypody
marghredyk ‖ m marghredygow ‖ Armoracia rusticana, horseradish
medhles ‖ m Spiraea
medhles ‖ Japanek m Spiraea japonica, Japanese spiraea
medhles ‖ helygdêl ‖ m Spiraea salicifolia, willow-leaved meadowsweet
medheges (medhyges) an gors f Valeriana dioica, marsh valerian
melak m melogyon Pedicularis, lousewort
melak an keun m melogyon Pedicularis sylvatica, common lousewort
melak an wûn m melogyon Pedicularis palustris, marsh lousewort
melen an gors m Caltha palustris, marsh marigold
melen an gwâv m Matthiola incana, [hoary] stock
melenguv ‖ m Reseda odorata, mignonette
mell col mellen Panicum miliaeceum, millet
melyon (melys an cov) col melyonen Viola arvensis, field pansy
melyon an gors col melyonen Viola palustris, marsh violet
melyon an ky col melyonen Viola riviniana, common dog-violet
melyon an Werhes col melyonen Hesperis matronalis, dame’s rocket
melyon avarr col melyonen Viola reichenbachiana, early dog-violet
melyon dowr col melyonen Hottonia palustris, water violet
melyon Pers col melyonen Cyclamen
melyon trylyw (losow an Drynsys) col melyonen drylyw Viola tricolor, wild pansy, heartsease, love-in-idleness
melyon wheg col melyonen Viola odorata, sweet violet
mendardh ‖ m Saxifraga, saxifrage
mendardh ‖ buthyn m Saxifraga granulata, meadow saxifrage
mendardh ‖ owrek m Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, opposite-leaved golden saxifrage
mendardh ‖ sterednek m Micranthes stellaris, starry saxifrage
menkek m menkegow Calluna vulgaris, common heather, ling
menowes an bugel m menowesow Pelargonium, geranium
menowes aval m menowesow Pelargonium odoratissimum, apple geranium
menowes bothak m menowesow Pelargonium gibbosum, gouty pelargonium
menowes derow m menowesow Pelargonium quercifolium, oak-leaved geranium
menowes grugysek m menowesow Pelargonium hortorum, garden geranium
menowes idhyow m menowesow Pelargonium peltatum, ivy geranium
menowes lymon m menowesow Pelargonium crispum, lemon geranium
menowes rial m menowesow Pelargonium x domesticum, regal geranium
menowes saworek m menowesow Pelargonium fragrans, nutmeg geranium
menowes tormenta m menowesow Pelargonium tomentosum, peppermint geranium
menowes wheg m menowesow Pelargonium graveolens, rose-scented geranium
menta m Menta, mint
merlosow ‖ col merlosowen ‖ Asparagus officinalis, asparagus
meryth (morwels ‖) col merydhen Zostera marina, eelgrass, sea wrack
morel m Atropa bella-donna, belladonna, deadly nightshade
morhesk ‖ col morhesken ‖ Ammophila, marram [grass]
mùllyon col mùlyonen Trifolium, clover, trefoil
mùllyon cogh col mùlyonen gogh Trifolium incarnatum, crimson clover
mùllyon melen (pÿs an gath) col mùlyonen velen Lotus corniculatus, bird’s-foot trefoil
mùllyon meur col mùlyonen veur Trifolium hybridum, alsike clover
murwyll pl Matthiola, stock This Welsh plural borrowing has alternatively been treated as masculine singular in Cornish, with new Cornish plural murwyllas
murwyll an nos pl Matthiola bicornis, night-scented stock
mùskles ‖ m Adoxa moschatellina, moschatel
myll f myllas Papaver, poppy For the remembrance poppy, see ros mogh
myll Gembrek f myllas Kembrek Papaver (Meconopsis) cambrica, Welsh poppy
myll velen f myllas melen Glaucium flavum, yellow horned poppy
onyon col onyonen Allium cepa, onion
onyon ewynak col onyonen Allium cepa var. aggregatum, shallot
orgal m Origanum
organs m Origanum majorana, marjoram
organs gwyls m Origanum vulgare, oregano
owraval Mexycan m owravallow Choisya ternata, Mexican orange blossom
owrbÿs ‖ col owrbysen ‖ Lathyrus pratensis, meadow vetchling
owrles ‖ (cawl wydn) m Atriplex, saltbush, orache
owrles ‖ arhansek m Atriplex confertifolia, shadscale
owrles ‖ guwek m Atriplex prostrata, spear-leaved orache
owrles ‖ kebmyn m Atriplex patula, common orache
owrles ‖ penvelen m Halimione portulacoides, sea purslane
oyblans ‖ (plans oy) m oyblansow ‖ Solanum melongena, aubergine, egg plant
panes col pan[es]en Pastinaca sativa, parsnip
patâta m patâtys Solanum tuberosum, potato The treatment of patâta as a collective noun, with a corresponding singulative ‘patâten’ is not recommended
patâta wheg m patâtys Ipomoea batatas, sweet potato
paw an er m pawyow Ranunculus sceleratus, celery-leaved buttercup
paw awhesyth m pawyow Delphinium, Consolida, larkspur
paw bleydh m pawyow Lycopodium, clubmoss
paw bleydh an saben m pawyow Huperzia selago, fir clubmoss
paw bran m pawyow Ranunculus, buttercup
paw bran an pras (paw bran wherow) m pawyow Ranunculus acris, meadow buttercup
paw bran bolhek m pawyow Ranunculus bulbosus, bulbous buttercup
paw bran sarfek (paw bran isel) m pawyow Ranunculus repens, creeping buttercup
paw crigell m pawyow Leontodon, hawkbit
paw crigell bian m pawyow Leontodon taraxacoides (saxatilis), lesser hawkbit
paw crigell garow m pawyow Leontodon hispidus, rough hawkbit
paw goodh m pawyow Chenopodium, goosefoot
paw lion m pawyow Alchemilla, lady’s mantle
paw ors m pawyow Helleborus, hellebore
pedn glas m pednow Knautia arvensis, field scabious
pedn nader m pednow Geranium robertianum, herb robert
pednbooth ‖ m Galeopsis tetrahit, common hemp nettle
pednow cales (pederow prownter) pl Centaurea nigra, knapweed
persyl col Petroselinum crispum, [garden / curly] parsley
persyl Cathay (losow an bara) col Coriandrum sativum, coriander
persyl ke col Torilis japonica, [upright] hedge parsley
persyl margh col Smyrnium olusatrum, alexanders (alisander)
petûnya m petûnyas Petunia
plobmles ‖ m Plumbago, leadwort
pompyon m pompyons Cucurbita, pumpkin, squash, marrow
pompyon dowr m pompyons Citrullus lanatus, watermelon
pompyon wheg m pompyons Cucumis melo, melon
porv blejyowek col porven vlejyowek Butomus umbellatus, flowering rush
porv lorgh col porven Scirpus, club rush, bulrush
praswels ‖ col praswelsen col ‖ Cortaderia, pampas grass
prysk caja col prysken Olearia, daisy bush
prysk glujek (kêweyth rudh) col prysken Escallonia
prysk tycky-Duw col prysken Buddleja davidii, butterfly bush
prysk vernagyl col prysken Hebe, shrubby Veronica
puber an asen m Satureja, savory
puber asen gwâv m Satureja montana, winter savory
puber asen hâv m Satureja hortensis, summer savory
puber du m Piper nigrum, black pepper
pubryn m pubrydnow Capsicum, bell pepper
pÿs logas col pysen Vicia, vetch
pÿs melen col pysen velen Lens culinaris, lentil
pÿs wheg col pysen Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea
pÿs wherow (besias an bleydh) col pysen Lupinus, lupin
reden an vabm col redenen Athyrium, lady fern
reden an mytern col redenen Osmunda regalis, royal fern
reden fos col redenen Asplenium ruta-muraria, wall rue
reden scoos col redenen Dryopteris, wood buckler / fern
reden tavas nader col redenen Ophioglossum vulgatum, adder’s tongue [fern]
redyk m redygow Raphanus sativus, radish
reunwels an gath ‖ col reunwelsen ‖ Phleum pratense, timothy, meadow cat’s-tail
rîss m Oryza sativa, Asian cultivated rice
rîss Afrycan m Oryza glaberrima, African rice
ros an garrek col rosen Helianthemum, rock rose, sunrose
ros damask col rosen Rosa x damascena, damask rose
ros Frynkek col rosen Rosa gallica, French rose
ros gwandra col rosen rambling (rambler) rose
ros Japanek col rosen Kerria japonica
ros ky (ros gwyls) col rosen Rosa canina, dog rose
ros loskvenek col rosen Rosa hemisphaerica, [yellow] sulphur rose
ros meneth col rosen Paeonia, peony
ros mogh col rosen Papaver rhoeas, corn poppy This is also the remembrance poppy
ros Nadelyk col rosen Helleborus niger, Christmas rose
ros Sharon col rosen Hibiscus syriacus, rose of Sharon This term can also refer to Hypericum calycinum, Aaron’s beard
rôsmary f Rosmarinus officinalis, rosemary
rôsmary wyls f Andromeda polifolia, bog rosemary, moorwort
rûta m Ruta graveolens, [common] rue
rûtabaga m rûtabagas Brassica napus Napobrassica Group, Swedish turnip, swede
safron (safern) m Crocus sativus, crocus, saffron
safron an jowl (blew an jowl, coton an jowl, coton nader) m Cuscuta epithymum, [lesser] dodder
safron brâs an jowl (blew brâs an jowl, coton brâs an jowl) m Cuscuta europaea, greater dodder
safron Eyndek m Curcuma longa, turmeric
safron kydnyaf (safron noth) m Colchicum autumnale or Crocus nudiflorus, autumn crocus, naked lady
sâgû m Metoxylon sagu, sago
sâgû Japanek m Cycas revoluta, Japanese sago
sawja col Salvia officinalis, sage
sawja gwyls (wherowles ‖ an eythyn) col Teucrium scorodonia, wild / wood sage
saworles ‖ m Hyssopus officinalis, hyssop
scaw an dor col scawen Aegopodium podagraria, ground elder, goutweed
scaw an Werhes col scawen Agrimonia eupatoria, agrimony
scaw benygys (scaw an coos) col scawen venygys Sambucus ebulus, dwarf elder, danewort
scaw cogh col scawen gogh Solanum dulcamara, bittersweet
scaw dowr col scawen Scrophularia, figwort
scaw du col scawen dhu Eupatorium cannabinum, hemp-agrimony
scorpyonles ‖ m Myosotis, forget-me-not
scorpyonles ‖ an coos m Myosotis sylvatica, wood forget-me-not
scorpyonles ‖ an gors m Myosotis secunda, marsh forget-me-not
scorpyonles ‖ an prasow m Myosotis arvensis, field forget-me-not
scovarn an ewyk f scovornow Daphne laureola, spurge laurel
scovarn mogh f scovornow Begonia
scudel dowr f scudellow Nymphaea alba, white water lily
sebanles ‖ m Saponaria, soapwort
serfel m Chaerophyllum temulentum, rough chervil
sesamê m Sesamum indicum, sesame
sethles ‖ m Sagittaria sagittifolia, arrowhead
seythdêlen (whadnel briel) f Potentilla anserina, silverweed
spern du col spernen dhu Prunus spinosa, blackthorn
spern gwydnrudh ‖ col spernen wydnrudh ‖ Erigaea repens, pink mayflower
spern melen (kelyn Frynk) col spernen velen Berberis, barberry
steren an gersek f sterednow Parnassia palustris, [marsh] grass of Parnassus
sterles ‖ m Callitriche, [water] starwort
storsyons pl Tropaeolum, nasturtium
strewles ‖ m Achillea ptarmica, sneezewort
sugal col sugalen Secale cereale, rye
tabm ôn See losow tabm ôn
tanles ‖ (pednow medhow) m Centranthus ruber, red valerian
tapyôca m Manihot esculenta, cassava, manioc, tapioca
taragon m Artemisia dracunculus, tarragon
tavas an jowl m Papaver orientale, oriental poppy
tavas an ky m Cynoglossum, houndstongue
tavas an vuwgh m Borago officinalis, borage
tavas carow m Asplenium scolopendrium, hart’s tongue fern
tavas helgy m Cynoglossum officinale, common houndstongue
tavas nader m Echium vulgare, viper’s bugloss
tavas ojyon m Anchusa officinalis, common bugloss, common alkanet
tavas ojyon Spaynek m Pentaglottis sempervirens, green alkanet
tavol col tavolen Rumex, dock, sorrel
tavol [a]manyn col tavolen Petasites hybridus, butterbur
tavol davas col tavolen Rumex acetosella, sheep’s sorrel
tavol gwâv (losow troos ebal wheg, blejen howldro ‖ gwâv) col tavolen Petasites fragrans, winter heliotrope
tavol meneth col tavolen Rumex alpinus, monk’s rhubarb
tavol perthyans col tavolen Rumex patientia, patience dock
tavol wherow (bara an gog) m Rumex acetosa, common sorrel
tegyrynen f tegyrynednow Orchidaceae, orchid
tegyrynen dhêlvrith ‖ f tegyrynednow dêlvrith ‖ Goodyera, rattlesnake plantain
tegyrynen gogh an hâv f tegyrynednow cogh Anacamptis pyramidalis, pyramidal orchid
tegyrynen gwenenen f tegyrynednow Ophrys apifera, bee orchid
tegyrynen ledanwer ‖ f tegyrynednow Platanthera chlorantha, [greater] butterfly orchid
tegyrynen prëv f tegyrynednow Ophrys insectifera, fly orchid
tegyrynen vrith f tegyrynednow brith Dactylorrhiza fuchsii, common spotted orchid
tim m Thymus polytrichus, wild thyme
tim dowr m Elodea canadensis, Canadian waterweed
tim lymon m Thymus citriodorus, lemon thyme
tomenta m Menta x piperita, peppermint
trenkles ‖ brâs m Gunnera manicata, giant rhubarb
treuswels col treuswelsen Elymus repens, couch grass
troos an ors m Acanthus
troos an woodh m Chenopodium album, white goosefoot, fat hen
troos ebal See losow troos ebal
troos lew m Leontopodium alpinum, edelweiss
troos margh m Petasites albus, white butterbur
uhelvarr ‖ m Viscum album, mistletoe
Wella bian m Dianthus barbatus, sweet William
whedn dowr col whednen Elodea, waterweed
whedn troyllya col whednen tumbleweed
wherowles See gowyles kydnyaf This term is also occasionally employed non-technically in the sense Artemisia
wystêrya m Wisteria
yaghles ‖ bian m Sanicula europaea, [wood] sanicle
yàm m yamow Dioscorea, yam
yùcka m yùckas Yucca
19-C FRUITS DESIGNATING THEIR PLANTS
These words usually refer specifically to fruits rather than to the plants that bear them. Overlap with Gerlyver Kescows has been permitted in this sub-section for ease of reference. The noun is used adjectivally (no mutation) with gwedhen, predn, prysken, plans etc as appropriate to designate the plant itself. For other fruits, see 6-I FRUIT. For fruit-bearing trees formed as compounds with element pren, see 19-A TREES.
alamand m alamandys Prunus dulcis, almond
aval dor (doraval ‖, tatty) m avallow potato
aval gwlanek (persaval ‖) m avallow Prunus persica, peach
aval gwyls (crabba) m avallow Malus sylvestris, crab apple
aval kerensa m avallow Solanum lycopersicum, tomato
aval paradîs m avallow Citrus x paradisi, grapefruit
aval tindoll ‖ m avallow Mespilus germanica, medlar The trees are most commonly called merwëdh – see 19-A TREES
avocâdô m avocâdôs Persea americana, avocado
banana m bananys Musa x paradisiaca, banana
bryketh col brykethen Prunus armeniaca, apricot
cytron m cytronys Citrus medica, citron
datys col datysen Phoenix dactylifera, dates
dùryan m dùryanow durian
fêjôfrût ‖ m fêjôfrûtys ‖ Acca sellowiana, feijoa fruit, pineapple guava The element frût is replaced by wëdh for the trees
frût bara m frûtys Artocarpus altilis, breadfruit
glasplùmen ‖ f glasplùmednow ‖ Prunus domestica, greengages
greunaval ‖ m greunavallow ‖ Punica granatum, pomegranate
grows (eyryn Maria, mor spernek) col growsen Ribes uva-crispa, gooseberries
grows Cathay col growsen Actinidia, kiwi[fruit]
keres kerensa col keresen Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme, cherry tomatoes
keres morel col keresen vorel Prunus cerasus, sour / morello cherries
keres wheg col keresen Prunus avium, sweet cherries
know Brasîl col knofen Bertholletia excelsa, Brazil nuts
know cashew col knofen Anacardium occidentale, cashews
know côcô col knofen coconuts
know dor col knofen dhor Arachis hypogaea, peanuts
know Frynk col knofen Juglans regia, walnuts
know Macadâmya col knofen Macadamia, macadamia nuts
know mùscat col knofen Myristica fragrans, nutmegs
limaval ‖ m limavallow ‖ Citrus x aurantiifolia, lime
lychy m lychys Litchi chinensis, lychees
lymon m lymonys Citrus limon, lemon
mor col moren Morus, mulberries
mor an Werhes col moren Rosa rubiginosa, [rose] hips The plant is called sweet briar, the flower is called briar rose
mor Boyson col moren Rubus ursinus x idaeus, boysonberries
mor du col moren dhu Rubus fruticosus, blackberries
mor Logan col moren Rubus x loganobaccus, loganberries
mor rudh (avanen) col moren Rubus idaeus, raspberries
nectarîn (persaval smoth) m nectarînow Prunus persica var. nucipersica, nectarine
ollspîss ‖ (puber Jamaica) m Pimenta dioica, allspice
owraval m owravallow Citrus x sinensis, orange
owraval ‖ bêgelek m owravallow ‖ Citrus x sinensis ‘Navel orange’
owraval ‖ Bergam m owravallow ‖ Citrus bergamia, bergamot
owraval ‖ Cathayan m owravallow ‖ Citrus reticulata, mandarin orange
owraval ‖ garow m owravallow ‖ Citrus reticulata x paradisi, Jamaican tangelo, ugli fruit
owraval ‖ goos m owravallow ‖ Citrus x sinensis ‘Blood orange’
owraval ‖ Japanek m owravallow ‖ Citrus unshiu, satsuma [orange]
owraval ‖ wherow m owravallow ‖ Citrus x aurantium, Seville orange
passyonfrût (greunavallyk) m passyonfrûtys Passiflora edulis, passion fruit
per col peren per Pyrus, pears
qwyn m qwynys Cydonia oblonga, quince
shadok m shadogow Citrus maxima, pomelo
syvy (mor cala) col syvien Fragaria, strawberries
tanjerîn m tanjerînys Citrus tangerina, tangerine [orange]
19-D FUNGI
amanîten f amanîtednow Amanita
amanîten ladha kelyon f amanîtednow Amanita muscaria, fly agaric
besias garow pl Cladonia pyxidata, pebbled cup lichen
blonegen f Collema, jelly lichen
bolet m bolettow Boletus, bolete
bolet brons m bolettow Boletus aereus, bronze bolete
bolet melen m bolettow Suillus luteus, slippery jack
bolet saworek m bolettow Boletus edulis, cep, penny bun
cappa an jowl m cappys Amanita phalloides, death cap
cappa blewak m cappys Coprinus comatus, shaggy ink cap
cappa brow m cappys Russula
cappa panther (amanîten bednvrith) Amanita pantherina, panther cap
fong corbel m fongow Polyporaceae, bracket fungus
fong rusk-owraval ‖ m fongow Aleuria aurantia, orange peel fungus
keler mogh col keleren Tuber, truffles
kèn an coos m Ochrolechia tartarea, cudbear lichen
kèn an keun m Peltigera canina, dog lichen
kèn carrek m lichen
kèn du m Hydropunctaria maura, tar lichen
kèn owrek m Caloplaca, gold lichen
kèn pydn m Calicium, pin / stubble lichen
kesyn denjak m kesydnow Hydnum repandum, sweet tooth
keus lefans (keus nedras) m toadstool
kewlet an meneth m Rhizocarpon geographicum, map lichen
kibak m kibogow Cantharellus cibarius, chanterelle
pednow tanbrednyer ‖ pl Cladonia floerkeana, gritty British soldiers, Bengal match lichen
rosyk an cosow f rosygow Agaricus sylvestris, wood mushroom
rosyk an prasow f rosygow Agaricus campestris, field mushroom
rybanys an mor pl Roccella, orchil lichen
spor m spôrow spore
trompa an ancow m trompys Craterellus cornucopioides, horn of plenty, black chanterelle
19-E PLANT ANATOMY
aval sab[en] m avallow pine cone
barren f barednow [bunch of] twig(s)
blejednyk f blejenygow floret
blejyowlen ‖ f blejyowlednow ‖ bract
cellûlôs m cellulose
corm m cormow corm
cûth f cùthow pod, husk
egyn m egydnow sprout
frond m frondys frond
gawl f gawlow fork (in tree)
kelegel m keleglow calyx
know faw col knofen beech mast
mesen f mesednow acorn
najeth (nasweth) sab[en] f najedhow pine needle
petal (dêlen blejen) m petalys petal
podn [blejednow] (bleus blejednow) m pollen
pondêlen ‖ f pondêlednow ‖ stamen
pystyl m pystylyow pistil
scorednans m ramification(s) (incl figuratively)
sepal (dêlen kelegel) m sepalys sepal
skyll col skyllen shoots; eyes (in potato)
tendryl m tendrylyow tendril
19-F MISCELLANEOUS VOCABULARY
arysh m stubble
aswels col aswelsen new growth of grass
avalowa v no inflection gather apples
bledhednek m bledhenegyon annual (plant)
bledhednek crev m bledhenegyon hardy annual (plant)
blejyowa v bloom, blossom, flower
bÿthwer ‖ adj evergreen
cleves elow m Dutch elm disease
cleves on m ash dieback
corsek (kersek) f corsegow reed bed, fen
cresen lowarthoryon f cresednow garden centre
crowsegyn (losowen gebmysk) m crowsegydnow cross, hybrid
cûth-hâsek ‖ m cûth-hâsegyon ‖ angiosperm
dêlcodha ‖ adj deciduous
dreyn col dreynen thorn bushes
dreyngoos ‖ m dreyngosow ‖ thicket
dreysek f dreysegow bramble brake
dywvledhednek m dywvledhenegyon biennial (plant)
egydna v germinate, sprout
eyryn col eyrynen sloes
eyryn brâs col eyrynen vrâs bullaces
eyryn scaw col eyrynen elderberries
erwels ‖ col erwelsen ‖ fresh grass
glaswels ‖ (gwerwels‖ ) col glaswelsen ‖ growing grass, pasture
glasyjyon m green (golf, village, etc)
gordevys adj overgrown (referring to plant)
grugek f grugegow heathland
gruglon ‖ m gruglonow ‖ heather bush
gùbman bothlow m bladder wrack
gùmana v no inflection gather seaweed
gwelsek adj grassy
gwelsek f gwelsegow grassy spot
gwresk col gwresken prunings Note plural gwrescow
hunles ‖ m opiate
lieslyw ‖ adj variegated
losowek adj herbaceous
losowek f losowegow herb garden
lowarth covath m lowarthow garden of remembrance
lowarth gwëdh m lowarthow plantation
lowarth gwëdh frût m lowarthow orchard
lowarth kegyn m lowarthow kitchen garden, vegetable garden
lowarth losow m lowarthow market garden
lowarth meynek m lowarthow rock garden, rockery
lowarthek adj horticultural
lowarthorieth f horticulture
lynasek f lynasegow bed of nettles
mora v no inflection gather blackberries
mùlyonen peder dêlen (mùlyonen Maria) f mùlyonednow four-leaf clover
owravalva ‖ f owravalvaow ‖ orangery
perlan f perladnow pear orchard
ponegy v pollinate
plans udn sêson m plansow bedding plant
plansva f plansvaow nursery
plansyk m plansygow seedling
prysclowek ‖ f prysclowegow ‖ scrub[land]; shrubbery
prysk col prysken bushes, shrubs
pryskel m prysclow brushwood, undergrowth
pùb-bledhednek m pùb-bledhenegyon perennial (plant)
redenek f redenegow fern brake
rôslon ‖ m rôslonow ‖ rosebush
rôslowarth ‖ m rôslowarthow rose garden
sowl col sowlen thatching material; stubble
spedhes col spedhesen briars, brambles
spryngya v spring up (incl figuratively)
todn m & f todnyow grassland, turf
whednladhor ‖ m whednladhoryon ‖ (gwelsladh ‖) m weedkiller